C++ frequent type conversion

1.string => int / double / float

stoi(string) / stod(string) / stof(string)

e.g. 

string s = "10";

int x = stoi(s);

double y = stod(s);

float z = stof(z);

2.string => c-style string

 string.c_str()

e.g.

string s = "hello"

char *str = s.to_str();

3. int => string

to_string(int);

e.g.

int x = 10;

string sx = to_string(x);

4. char => int

e.g.

char ca = '5';

int  ia = ca - '0';  // int ia = ca - 48;

5. int => char

int ib = 6;

char cb = ib + '0'; //char cb = ib + 48;

6. c-style string => string (automatically conversion)

e.g.

string str = "hello";

 char *s = str;