创作模式：懒汉式创建方法【类下的自己叫方法】

from __future__ import print_function
import functools


class lazy_property(object):
    def __init__(self, function):
        self.function = function
        # print(function)  # <function Person.relatives at 0x00000266E3973AF8>
        functools.update_wrapper(self, function)  # 把被修饰的方法中的魔法方法全部复制

    def __get__(self, obj, type_):  # 调用一个属性时,触发
        # print(obj)  # <__main__.Person object at 0x00000250E9AFE748>
        # print(self)  # <__main__.lazy_property object at 0x000001DDCC6CDF88>
        if obj is None:
            return self
        val = self.function(obj)  # 被修饰的relatives方法
        # 添加到文档说明
        obj.__dict__[self.function.__name__] = val
        return val


def lazy_property2(fn):
    attr = '_lazy__' + fn.__name__

    @property
    def _lazy_property(self):
        if not hasattr(self, attr):
            setattr(self, attr, fn(self))
        return getattr(self, attr)

    return _lazy_property


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, occupation):
        self.name = name
        self.occupation = occupation
        self.call_count2 = 0

    @lazy_property  # 类似java的懒汉式的创建模式，需要时才创建
    def relatives(self):
        # 得到所有relatives，让我们假设它花费很多时间。
        relatives = "Many relatives."
        return relatives

    @lazy_property2
    def parents(self):
        self.call_count2 += 1
        return "Father and mother"


def main( ):
    """
    >>> Jhon = Person('Jhon', 'Coder')
    >>> Jhon.name
    'Jhon'
    >>> Jhon.occupation
    'Coder'


    >>> sorted(Jhon.__dict__.items()) # 在我们访问“relatives”之前
    [('call_count2', 0), ('name', 'Jhon'), ('occupation', 'Coder')]
    >>> Jhon.relatives
    'Many relatives.'
    >>> sorted(Jhon.__dict__.items()) # 在访问`relatives`之后
    [('call_count2', 0), ..., ('relatives', 'Many relatives.')]
    >>> Jhon.call_count2
    0


    >>> sorted(Jhon.__dict__.items())
    [('call_count2', 0), ('name', 'Jhon'), ('occupation', 'Coder'), ('relatives', 'Many relatives.')]
    >>> Jhon.parents
    'Father and mother'
    >>> Jhon.call_count2
    1
    >>> sorted(Jhon.__dict__.items())
    [('_lazy__parents', 'Father and mother'), ('call_count2', 1), ..., ('relatives', 'Many relatives.')]


    >>> Jhon.parents
    'Father and mother'

    """


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod(optionflags = doctest.ELLIPSIS)