Spring MVC 进阶1

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-26 08:51:56 发布

迷之雾

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-26 08:51:56 发布

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分类专栏： Spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mizhiwu/article/details/8030669

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简介：

本人是菜鸟，刚接触Java也没多长时间，就是希望能把自己学到的和大家分享而已，如有错误，还望大鸟给予指正。

距离上次写文章已经有几个月时间了，期间找工作，做项目的，虽然累点，但挺充实的。

就把在做项目时学到的一些东西和大家进行分享吧。

涉及到的内容：

Spring MVC 注解实现。

ajax json 返回格式。

Spring tiles 拼装页面。

需要的lib有：

名词解释:

json:

就不给大家上网copy了.就是一种格式.例如:

{
"employees": [
{ "firstName":"Bill" , "lastName":"Gates" },
{ "firstName":"George" , "lastName":"Bush" },
{ "firstName":"Thomas" , "lastName":"Carter" }
]
}

为什么用json:起始俺也就一知半解,单很显著的好处就是传输的数据量少了.

tiles:

其实就是拼装jsp.有什么好处呢?好处就是你可以独立的开发菜单部分,内容部分等等,使用时只需要拼装在一起就可以了

源代码：

1. 在web.xml中添加如下代码：

<servlet>  
	    <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>  
	    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
	    <init-param>  
	        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
	        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-configuration.xml</param-value>  
	    </init-param>  
	</servlet>  

	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	 <!-- 字符集 过滤器  -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>true</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>
  
  	<!-- session将在60分钟后过期 -->
 	<session-config>
		<session-timeout>60</session-timeout>
	</session-config>
  
  	<!-- 定义当发生如下错误时,跳转的页面 -->
  	<error-page>
		<error-code>404</error-code>
		<location>/WEB-INF/jsp/error/404.jsp</location>
	</error-page>
	<error-page>
		<error-code>500</error-code>
		<location>/WEB-INF/jsp/error/500.jsp</location>
	</error-page>

2. 在spring-configuration中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:sws="http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:dwr="http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr"
	xmlns:dwra="http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-annotations"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services http://www.springframework.org/schema/web-services/web-services-2.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
       http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr
        http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-3.0.xsd
        http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-annotations
        http://www.directwebremoting.org/schema/spring-dwr-annotations.xsd"
    default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="false">
    <!-- default-autowire含义为默认的装配行为,说白了就是匹配规则 -->
    <!-- byName的含义是根据属性名自动装配,下面会在Controller层中介绍到 -->
    <!-- 其还有byType属性,含义为通过类型自动装配,注意:如果有多个Type相同的Bean,则会抛出异常 -->
    <!-- 还有constructor属性,与byType类似,区别是用于构造注入的参数 -->
    <!-- 还有autodetect属性,根据Bean内部结构,决定用constructor还是byType -->
    <!-- default-lazy-init含义为Bean是否延迟初始化 -->

	<!-- 启用注解 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven>
	   <mvc:message-converters>
			<!-- String转换器,解決 @ResponseBody 返回乱码问题.详细请参考: http://blog.csdn.net/nmgrlq/article/details/6285791 -->
			<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
				<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
					<list>
						<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
					</list>
				</property>
			</bean>
			<!-- Json转换器,集成jackson -->
			<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
				<property name="objectMapper">
					<bean class="org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper">
					</bean>
				</property>
			</bean>
		</mvc:message-converters>
	</mvc:annotation-driven>
	
	<!-- 扫描包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.controller" />
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.service" />
	
	<!-- 资源地址,不加这句的话,资源文件就会被Spring给拦截下来的(在web.xml中定义"/"全部都被拦截) -->
	<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

	<!-- UrlMapping -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
	
	<!-- JSP显示 -->
	<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
		<property name="order" value="1"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- Tiles显示 -->
	<bean id="tilesviewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesViewResolver">
		<!-- 这里的order是0,而jsp的order是1.表示优先去tiles定义文件(/WEB-INF/tiles-configueation.xml)查看是否有符合要求的,
			如果没有,再去jsp查看是否有符合要求的页面 -->
		<property name="order" value="0"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="tilesConfigurer" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer">
		<property name="definitions">
			<list>
				<value>/WEB-INF/tiles-configueation.xml</value>
				<value>/WEB-INF/jsp/information/information-tiles.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

</beans>

3. tiles-configueation.xml中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.0//EN"
       "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_0.dtd">
<tiles-definitions>

	<!-- 定义一个模板,sample_template.jsp中定义模板的布局 -->
	<definition name="template_tiles" template="/WEB-INF/jsp/layout/sample_template.jsp">
		<put-attribute name="part1-content" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/layout/part1.jsp" />
		<put-attribute name="part2-content" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/layout/part2.jsp" />
	</definition>

</tiles-definitions>

4. information-tiles.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.0//EN"
       "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_0.dtd">

<tiles-definitions>
	<!-- 根据每个页面,定义不同的tiles,继承template_tiles模板 -->
	<definition name="infomation/show" extends="template_tiles">
		<!-- 在模板中的part3-content部分插入show.jsp -->
		<put-attribute name="part3-content" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/information/show.jsp" />
		<!-- 要传递的参数,显示页面标题 -->
		<put-attribute name="jspTitle" value="信息显示" />
	    <put-attribute name="sampleParam" value="test" />
	</definition>

</tiles-definitions>

5. sample_template.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
	<!-- tiles:getAsString获得参数值 -->
	<title><tiles:getAsString name="jspTitle"/></title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
	<script src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/resources/js/jQuery/jQuery.js"></script>
	<script src="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/resources/js/jQuery/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
	$(document).ready(function(){
		alert($("#sampleParamDiv").text());
		//可以通过这种方式将传递的值引入到js中进行计算
	});
	</script>
</head>
<body>
	<!-- 这里定义jsp的大框架,包括布局等 -->
	<div id="part1">
		<!-- 将tiles-configuration.xml中 part1-content中定义的jsp插入到这里(也就是part1.jsp) -->
		<tiles:insertAttribute name="part1-content" />
	</div>
	<div id="part2">
		<tiles:insertAttribute name="part2-content" />
	</div>
	<div id="part3">
		<tiles:insertAttribute name="part3-content" />
	</div>
	<div id="sampleParamDiv" style="display:none">
		<tiles:getAsString name="sampleParam"/>
	</div>
</body>
</html>

本人css太差了,要是有哪位朋友能帮我改进改进就好了,这样让别人看起来更直观一些.

6. index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
	Hello, Welcome to come here.
	Now, click the button.
	<form action="./login">
		<input type="submit" value="跳到登录页面">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

7. 404.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	404! 你懂的
</body>
</html>

8. part1.jsp

<!-- 因为是将该部分插入到模板的jsp中,所以不用写 <head><body>等信息-->

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
this is part1

9. login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/login/checkLogin" method="post">
		用户名: <input type="text" id="loginName" name="loginName" value="${UserEntity.loginName}"><br>
		密 码 : <input type="password" id="pwd" name="pwd" >
		<p>
			<input type="submit" value="提交" >  
	        <input type="reset" value="重置" >  
	    </p>
	    <c:if test="${empty error}">请输入用户名密码</c:if><c:out value="${error}" />
	</form>
</body>
</html>

10. UserEntity.java

package com.spring.entity;

public class UserEntity {
    private String loginName;
    private String pwd;
    private String name;

    public String getLoginName() {
        return loginName;
    }

    public void setLoginName(String loginName) {
        this.loginName = loginName;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

11. LoginController.java

package com.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.spring.entity.UserEntity;

//@Controller 表明该Bean是个Controller层
//表示请求地址是login时,被该Controller捕获
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/login")
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String jumpPage() {
        // JSP方式的显示,显示的jsp路径是 "/WEB-INF/jsp/login/login.jsp"(在spring-configuration中定义了)
        return "login/login";
    }

    // 注意:这里的@RequestMapping的value值不能与@RequestMapping(value = "/login")中的value值一样
    // 当url是/login/checkLogin时,执行该方法,并且是POST请求才可以
    @RequestMapping(value = "/checkLogin", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login(@ModelAttribute("UserEntity") UserEntity user, Model model) {

        // 在这里我们用了@ModelAttribute和Model.
        // 用@ModelAttribute是将值放入session中,对应login.jsp中的value="${UserEntity.loginName}".
        // 为什么这么写呢?首先看看如果不加"@ModelAttribute("UserEntity")"这段话会有什么结果.
        // 结果就是如果输入错误,页面重新跳转到login.jsp.结果刚才用户填写的数据都没了(例如现在的密码是不是清空了),
        // 如果这是个注册页面,用户辛辛苦苦填完信息,提交后一个错误导致所有数据清空,需要全部重新填写,用户会不会发疯呢

        // 在这里用了Bean UserEntity来存放请求数据,只要变量名相同,Spring会自动帮我们将变量存到该Bean中

        if (user.getLoginName().equals("mizhiwu") && user.getPwd().equals("mizhiwu")) {
            // tiles的显示,会先去"/WEB-INF/tiles-configueation.xml"中查询(在spring-configuration中定义了)
            return "infomation/show";
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("error", "用户名或密码不正确");
            return "login/login";
        }
    }
}

12. show.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
这是主菜单<br>
tiles集成后的结果相当于一个完整的jsp页面,请和template.jsp进行对比

<script type="text/javascript">

function check(){
	//异步方式向服务器发送请求  
    $.ajax({                                                     
        type: "GET",                                                                 
        url: "<%=request.getContextPath()%>/check/isPositiveNumber/" + $("#number").val(), 
        //data: "userId="+id+"&userPwd="+pwd,
        dataType: "json",        //这里表明返回数据是json
        success: function(msg) {
        	//判断json中的success属性
			if (msg.success) {
				alert("输入的是正数");
			} else {
				alert("输入的是负数");
			}
		},          
        error :function(e){  
        	alert("网络异常");  
        }
    });  
}

</script>

<form>

	输入一个数<input type="text" id="number"><br>
	<input type="button" οnclick="check()" value="确定">
</form>

13. ResultEntity.java

package com.spring.entity;

public class ResultEntity {
    private boolean success;
    private String message;

    public boolean isSuccess() {
        return success;
    }

    public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
        this.success = success;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public ResultEntity(boolean flag) {
        success = flag;
    }

}

14. CheckController.java

package com.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.spring.entity.ResultEntity;
import com.spring.service.CheckService;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/check")
public class CheckController {

    // 这里就用到了之前定义的default-autowire="byName"
    // spring自动装载了名字为CheckService的类给这个属性,就不需要我们来new CheckService对象了
    @Autowired
    CheckService checkService;

    // 在spring-configuration.xml中因为已经集成了jackson,所以@ResponseBody返回的是一个json对象.
    // 在这里用到了jackson将Bean转换成json的方法
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value = "/isPositiveNumber/{number}")
    public ResultEntity checkIsPositiveNumber(@PathVariable int number) {

        // @PathVariable表示url中的值,在这里只是告诉大家也可以这么取值而已

        return checkService.checkIsPositiveNumber(number) ? new ResultEntity(true) : new ResultEntity(false);
    }

    // @RequestParam表示请求时的参数,如果单个列举,而不用Bean获得(LoginController中login方法的UserEntity user Bean)
    // 表示此参数不可缺少,如果想变成非必传参数,则加上required = false即可
    public void test(@RequestParam String param1, @RequestParam(required = false) String param2,
            @RequestParam(value = "id[]", required = false) String[] ids) {
    }
}

15. CheckService.java

package com.spring.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class CheckService {

    public boolean checkIsPositiveNumber(int number) {
        if (number >= 0) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}