公司的法律形态

/************************************************************************************
日期:2016_7_19
题目:第五步->公司的法律形态
作者:马静
注 :Oh!你也看到我是个程序员咯,一起愉快地创业吧
************************************************************************************/
目标--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
了解企业法律形态以及主要特点
选择适合自己企业的法律形态
企业不同的法律形态-----------------------------------------------------------------------
中国民营企业的主要法律形态~~~~~~~~
股份有限公司
有限责任公司
外资企业
中外合资企业
中外合作企业
乡镇企业
股份合作制企业
合伙企业
个人独资企业
个体工商户企业
农村承包经营户
  业主数量和注册资本 成立条件 经营特征 利润分配和债务责任
个体工商户 ·业主是一个人或家庭
·无资本数量限制
·成立条件简单,业主只要有相应的经营资金和经营场所就可以了
·个体工商户可以起字号
·资产属于私人所有,自己即是所有者,又是劳动者和管理者 ·利润归个人或家庭所有
·由个人经营的,以其个人资产对企业债务承担无限责任
·由家庭经营的,以家庭财产承担无限责任
个人独资企业 ·业主是一个人
·无资本数量限制
·投资人是一个自然人
·有合法的企业名称
·有投资人申报的出资
·有固定的生产经营场所和必要的生产经营条件
·有必要的从业人员
·财产为投资人所有,业主即是投资者,又是经营管理者 ·利润归个人所有
·投资人以其个人资产对企业债务承担无限责任
合伙企业 ·业主两个人以上
·无资本数量限制
·有两个以上合伙人,并且都依法承担无限责任
·有书面的合伙协议
·有合伙人的实际出资
·有合伙企业的名称
·有经营场所和从事合伙经营的必要条件
·依照合伙协议,共同出资,合伙经营,共享收益,共担风险 ·合伙人按照合伙协议分配利润,并共同对企业债务承担无限连带责任
有限责任公司 ·由两个以上50个以下的股东组成
·注册资本因不同经营内容立出法定下限
·股东符合法定人数
·股东出资达到法定资本最低限额
·股东共同制定公司章程
·有公司的名称,建立符合有限责任公司要求的组织机构
·有固定的生产经营场所和必要的生产经营条件
·公司设立股东会、董事会和监事会。并由董事会聘请职业经理管理公司经营业务 ·股东按出资比例分配利润,并以出资额为限承担有限责任
股份合作制企业 ·股东包括全体企业成员
·无资本数量限制(有地方规定的例外)
·无具体规定 ·企业成员入股,一般实行全员入股
·建立资本金制度
·职工既是参股人,又是劳动者
·股东按出资比例分配利润,并以出资额为限承担有限责任
微小企业最常见的法律形态~~~~~~~~~~
个体工商户
个人独资企业
合伙企业
有限责任公司
不同法律形态对企业的影响~~~~~~~~~~~
开办和注册企业的成本
开办企业手续和贷款的难易程度
业主的财务风险
寻求贷款的难易程度
寻求合伙人的可能性
企业的决策程序和利润所得
各类企业法律形态的特点------------------------------------------------------------------
业主数量和注册资本
成立条件
经营特征
利润分配和债务责任
个体工商户----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
个体工商户是从事工商业经营的自然人或家庭。自然人或以个人为单位,或以家庭为单位从事工商业经营
个体工商户的法律特征~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
个人独资企业------------------------------------------------------------------------------
依法在中国境内设立,由一个自然人投资,资产为投资者个人所有,投资者以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经济实体。
个人独资企业的法律特征~~~~~~~~~~~~~

个人独资企业的设立~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


合伙企业----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
自然人、法人和其他组织依照法律在中国境内设立的,由合伙人订立合伙协议,并依据和火协议共同出资、共担风险、共享收益、对合伙企业债务依然承担责任的经营性组织。
普通合伙和有限合伙的区别~~~~~~~~~~~~
普通合伙企业由普通合伙人组成,合伙人对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任。
有限合伙企业由普通合伙人和有限合伙人组成,普通合伙人对合伙企业债务横担无限连带责任,有限合伙人以其认缴的出资额为限对合伙企业债务承担责任。
合伙企业的法律特征~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

合伙企业的设立~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

有限责任公司----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
有限责任公司是指符合法律规定的股东出资组建,股东以其出资额为限对公司承担责任,公司以其全部资产对公司的债务承担责任的企业法人。

有限责任公司的法律特征~~~~~~~~~~~~~

选择合适的企业法律形态-----------------------------------------------------------------------
企业的规模
行业类型和发展前景
业主或投资者的数量
创业资金的多少
创业者的观念(个人决策或协商合作)

补充--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
自然人:基于出生而为民事权利和义务主体的人。
有行为的能力人:精神健全的成年人
无行为的能力人:不能为有效法律行为的人
限制行为的能力人:只有部分行为的能力人
法人:具有民事权利能力和民事行为能力,依法独立享有民事权利和承担民事义务的组织。

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