SpringMVC - 初识

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于 2024-08-11 21:23:24 发布

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文章标签： spring mvc

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mjb709/article/details/141112012

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1. 简介

Spring MVC是一个创建Web应用程序的框架，它是遵循Model-View-Controller的设计模式。

Spring MVC通过DispatcherServlet来接收请求，然后对应对具体的controllers, models和views.

2. 一个HelloWorld事例

1. 添加maven依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
  <version>5.3.37</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.0</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2. 在Web.xml中添加DispatcherServlet

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
           version="4.0">
    <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3. 在resources目录下面添加springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

4. 添加controller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/world")
    public String world(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("message", "hello world, everyone!");
        return "hello";
    }
}

5. 添加hello.jsp文件

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

6. 整个目录结构如下：

7. 启动，访问

http://localhost:8080/hello/world

3. 纯代码方式启动SpringMVC

1. 创建注册DispatcherServlet的类，Spring给我们提供了一个抽象的AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer，我们继承它就好了

public class ServletInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        context.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
        return context;
    }

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        return null;
    }
}

2. 添加SpringMvcConfig.java

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example")
public class SpringMvcConfig {
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

3. 创建controller

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("message", "hello world 2!");
        return "hello";
    }
}

4. 创建hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

5. 代码结构如下，去除了前面的web.xml和springmvc.xml, 改用代码来配置

6. 访问：http://localhost:8080/hello

7. 原理

在Servlet3.0环境中，容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类，如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器，servlet3.0赋予了web项目免去所有配置文件（web.xml）的能力。

可以自定义一个实现ServletContainerInitializer接口，这个类必须在jar包的META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件里面进行声明，这个文件的内容就是自定义类的全类名。注意看下面spring-web模块里面的配置

SpringServletContainerInitializer类定义如下：

@HandlesTypes({WebApplicationInitializer.class})
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
    public SpringServletContainerInitializer() {
    }

    public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
    }
}

注意这个类上面的@HandlesTypes注解，servlet容器会扫描项目中的所有类，如果符合@HandlesTypes注解value值指定的类型，就会放在一个数组中，最终会传递给onStartup方法的第一个参数。

我们再来看一下AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类, 它就实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口

public abstract class AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer extends AbstractContextLoaderInitializer 

public abstract class AbstractContextLoaderInitializer implements WebApplicationInitialize

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SpringMVC - 初识

Spring MVC是一个创建Web应用程序的框架，它是遵循Model-View-Controller的设计模式。Spring MVC通过DispatcherServlet来接收请求，然后对应对具体的controllers, models和views.
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