NSArray和NSMutableArray

NSArray 用于对象有序集合（数组），NSMutableArray可变的对象有序集合（数组）

=================== NSArray ====================

Ordered collection of objects. Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)
Important methods:
+ (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, …; // nil terminated
- (int)count; // 得到array中的对象个数
- (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // 得到索引为i的对象

• (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; // 当anObject出现在array中，则返回yes（实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断）

• (unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

• (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

• (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

• (id)lastObject; // 得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在，则返回nil
  注：
  类方法arrayWithObjects 可以创建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如
  @implementation MyObject

• (NSArray *)coolCats {
  return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];
  }
  @end
  Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):
  [NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];
  [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];
  [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];
  —–创建数组 —–
  //NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,@”Four”,nil];
  NSArray *monthNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@”January”,@”February”,@”March”,@”April”,@”May”,nil];

  self.dataArray = array;
  [array release];

  NSLog(@”self.dataArray count is:%d”,[self.dataArray count]);

  NSLog(@”self.dataArray index 2 is:%@”,[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

注：初始化一个数组时，经常使用initWithObject 和 initWithObjects。没有s的表示使用一个指针初始化NSArray，初始化后，这个NSArray的实例只有一个数据，所以在调用没有s的函数的时候是不能以nil结束的；但是有s的就不一样了，哪怕只有一个数据，或者没有数据，必须使用一个nil结束。

—— 从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级) ——-

//arrayWithArray:
//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

//Copy

//id obj;
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++) {        
    obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
    [newArray addObject: obj];
}
//     
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//快速枚举
//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@”a”,@”b”,@”c”,@”d”,@”e”,@”f”,@”g”,@”h”,nil];
NSLog(@”oldArray:%@”,oldArray);

for(id obj in oldArray)
{
    [newArray addObject: obj];
}
//     
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];   

//Deep copy

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                     @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);   
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];   

=================== NSMutableArray ====================

Mutable version of NSArray.
- (void)addObject:(id)anObject; // 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.
- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; //在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

• (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index; //在索引index处插入anObject, 若index被占用，会把之后的object向后移。

• (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //删除index处的对象，后面的对象依次向前移。

• (void)removeObject:(id)anObject; // 删除所有和anObject相等的对象，同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

• (void)removeAllObjects;

注：我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象，可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如：

[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

—–给数组分配容量—–
//NSArray *array;
array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

—–在数组末尾添加对象—–
//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,nil];
[array addObject:@”Four”];
NSLog(@”array:%@”,array);

—–删除数组中指定索引处对象—–
//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@”array:%@”,array);

—– 数组枚举—–
//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //从前向后
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

id thingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
    NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}

//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //从后向前
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}

//3、快速枚举
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@”One”,@”Two”,@”Three”,nil];
for(NSString *string in array) {
NSLog(@”string:%@”,string);
}

—– NSValue（对任何对象进行包装）—–
//将NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSValue *value;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@”array:%@”,array);
//从Array中 提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@”value:%@”,value);

—-★使用NSMutableArray要防止内存泄露★——
NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

[objectsArray addObject:p1];
NSLog(@”p1 count:%d”, [p1 retainCount]);//输出 2，也就是执行追加对象后，对象的计数器也被加1
//[p1 release];
//NSLog(@”p1 count:%d”, [p1 retainCount]);

//同样做数组替换时
[objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];
NSLog(@”p2 count:%d”, [p2 retainCount]);//输出 2，同样也是2
NSLog(@”p1 count:%d”, [p1 retainCount]);//输出 1，对象p1仍然存在
//[p2 release];
//NSLog(@”p2 count:%d”, [p2 retainCount]);

//执行清空数组
[objectsArray removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@”p2 count:%d”, [p2 retainCount]);//输出 1，对象p2仍然存在
//[p2 release];

由此可知，每次执行上面的数组操作后，要执行对象release，如上面注释中的语句，才能保证内存不泄露。