一个customer对应多个order。在order中有一个customer的引用。
Customer类的java代码
package com.mamh.hibernate.demo.entities;
public class Customer {
private Integer customerId;
private String customerName;
public Customer() {
}
public Customer(String name) {
this.customerName = name;
}
public Integer getCustomerId() {
return customerId;
}
public void setCustomerId(Integer customerId) {
this.customerId = customerId;
}
public String getCustomerName() {
return customerName;
}
public void setCustomerName(String customerName) {
this.customerName = customerName;
}
}
Order类的java代码
package com.mamh.hibernate.demo.entities;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderName;
private Customer customer;
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderName() {
return orderName;
}
public void setOrderName(String orderName) {
this.orderName = orderName;
}
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
}
}
Order类的映射文件,
<hibernate-mapping package="com.mamh.hibernate.demo.entities">
<class name="Order" table="hb_order" schema="mage">
<id name="orderId">
<column name="hb_order_id" sql-type="int(11)"/>
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="orderName" type="string">
<column name="hb_order_name"/>
</property>
<!-- 映射多对一的关联关系 property不再试用这个多对一的关系了
name是多这一端关联的那个一那一端属性名称
class的类全名
column是多的一端这边数据表的一个列名,一般是外键
-->
<many-to-one name="customer" class="Customer" column="customer_id"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Customer类的映射文件
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.mamh.hibernate.demo.entities.Customer" table="hb_customer" schema="mage">
<id name="customerId">
<column name="hb_customer_id" sql-type="int(11)"/>
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="customerName" type="string">
<column name="hb_customer_name"/>
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
1.测试保存order和customer的方法
先保存customer,然后保存order。
@Test
public void testManyToOneSave(){
Customer customer = new Customer("aa");
Order order1 = new Order();
order1.setOrderName("order 1");
Order order2 = new Order();
order2.setOrderName("order 2");
order1.setCustomer(customer);
order2.setCustomer(customer);
//执行save操作
//先保存customer,然后保存order。
session.save(customer);
session.save(order1);
session.save(order2);
}
先保存customer,然后保存order,这个会出现3条插入sql语句。这个是建议这样的顺序的。
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_customer
(hb_customer_name)
values
(?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_order
(hb_order_name, customer_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_order
(hb_order_name, customer_id)
values
(?, ?)
如果是先保存order,然后再保存customer,情况由如何呢?
//执行save操作
//先保存order,然后保存customer。
session.save(order1);
session.save(order2);
session.save(customer);
如果是先保存order,然后再保存customer,能成功的。会出现3条insert语句,最后还有2条update语句。
这中情况就多了2条update语句。因为order表需要一个外键,先保存oder的是还不知道这个外键
customer是多少。后来保存好了customer,就知道customer ID了。最后会更新一些oder中的外键。
这样就多了2条update更新语句。这样多了2条语句效率就会低一些。
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_order
(hb_order_name, customer_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_order
(hb_order_name, customer_id)
values
(?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
mage.hb_customer
(hb_customer_name)
values
(?)
=destroy=
Hibernate:
update
mage.hb_order
set
hb_order_name=?,
customer_id=?
where
hb_order_id=?
Hibernate:
update
mage.hb_order
set
hb_order_name=?,
customer_id=?
where
hb_order_id=?
2.测试查询order和customer的方法
查询多的一端的一个对象,默认情况下,只查询了多的一端的对象,而没有查询关联的那一端的对象。
就是说查询Order对象,只得到了Order对象,而没有得到Customer对象。
@Test
public void testManyToOneGet(){
Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 1);
System.out.println(order.getOrderName() + ": "+order.getOrderId());
//这里值用到了order对象的属性,没有用的customer的属性,所以不会发送取查询customer相关的sql语句的。
}
Hibernate: //通过这个hibernate的sql输出我们看到没有去查询customer相关的。
select
order0_.hb_order_id as hb1_3_0_,
order0_.hb_order_name as hb2_3_0_,
order0_.customer_id as customer3_3_0_
from
mage.hb_order order0_
where
order0_.hb_order_id=?
order 1: 1
如果我们用到了customer的相关属性,例如获取order中的customer对象,
或者直接打印order对象 都是会发送查询customer表的sql语句的。
@Test
public void testManyToOneGet(){
Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 1);
System.out.println(order);
Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
System.out.println(customer);
}
Hibernate:
select
order0_.hb_order_id as hb1_3_0_,
order0_.hb_order_name as hb2_3_0_,
order0_.customer_id as customer3_3_0_
from
mage.hb_order order0_
where
order0_.hb_order_id=?
Hibernate:
select
customer0_.hb_customer_id as hb1_2_0_,
customer0_.hb_customer_name as hb2_2_0_
from
mage.hb_customer customer0_
where
customer0_.hb_customer_id=?
System.out.println(order);的输出结果:
Order{
orderId=1,
orderName='order 1',
customer=Customer{
customerId=1,
customerName='aa'
}
}
System.out.println(customer);的输出结果:
Customer{
customerId=1,
customerName='aa'
}
如果在查询customer对象的时候,有多的一端导航到一的一端时,若此时session被关闭,则
会发生一个LazyInitializationException异常
@Test
public void testManyToOneGet(){
Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 1);
System.out.println(order.getOrderName() + ": "+order.getOrderId());
session.close();
Customer customer = order.getCustomer();
System.out.println(customer);
}
Hibernate:
select
order0_.hb_order_id as hb1_3_0_,
order0_.hb_order_name as hb2_3_0_,
order0_.customer_id as customer3_3_0_
from
mage.hb_order order0_
where
order0_.hb_order_id=?
order 1: 1
=destroy=
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session
at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.initialize(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:149)
at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.getImplementation(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:195)
at org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer.invoke(JavassistLazyInitializer.java:185)
at com.mamh.hibernate.demo.entities.Customer_$$_javassist_1.toString(Customer_$$_javassist_1.java)
at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2994)
at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:821)
at com.mamh.hibernate.demo.HibernateTest.testManyToOneGet(HibernateTest.java:61)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
获取order对象时,默认情况下,其关联的customer对象是一个代理对象!
3.测试更新order,customer对象
@Test
public void testManyToOneUpdate() {
Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 1);
order.getCustomer().setCustomerName("new customer name");
}
Hibernate:
select
order0_.hb_order_id as hb1_3_0_,
order0_.hb_order_name as hb2_3_0_,
order0_.customer_id as customer3_3_0_
from
mage.hb_order order0_
where
order0_.hb_order_id=?
Hibernate:
select
customer0_.hb_customer_id as hb1_2_0_,
customer0_.hb_customer_name as hb2_2_0_
from
mage.hb_customer customer0_
where
customer0_.hb_customer_id=?
=destroy=
Hibernate:
update
mage.hb_customer
set
hb_customer_name=?
where
hb_customer_id=?
4.测试删除order和customer
在不设定级联关系的情况下,且1这一端对象有n的对象在引用,不能直接删除。
也就是说customer 的id有在order中作为外键就不能删除这个customer。
要删除也是先把order中的删除完,然后在删除customer中的。
@Test
public void testManyToOneDelete() {
Customer customer = (Customer) session.get(Customer.class, 1);
session.delete(customer);
}
Hibernate:
select
customer0_.hb_customer_id as hb1_2_0_,
customer0_.hb_customer_name as hb2_2_0_
from
mage.hb_customer customer0_
where
customer0_.hb_customer_id=?
=destroy=
Nov 17, 2017 2:51:23 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper logExceptions
WARN: SQL Error: 1451, SQLState: 23000
Hibernate:
delete
from
mage.hb_customer
where
hb_customer_id=?
Nov 17, 2017 2:51:23 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper logExceptions
ERROR: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mage`.`hb_order`, CONSTRAINT `FK1C0AD3C966B2F7AA` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `hb_customer` (`hb_customer_id`))
Nov 17, 2017 2:51:23 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.BatchingBatch performExecution
ERROR: HHH000315: Exception executing batch [Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mage`.`hb_order`, CONSTRAINT `FK1C0AD3C966B2F7AA` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `hb_customer` (`hb_customer_id`))]
org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mage`.`hb_order`, CONSTRAINT `FK1C0AD3C966B2F7AA` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `hb_customer` (`hb_customer_id`))
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:128)
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:49)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:125)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:110)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractStatementProxyHandler.continueInvocation(AbstractStatementProxyHandler.java:129)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractProxyHandler.invoke(AbstractProxyHandler.java:81)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy9.executeBatch(Unknown Source)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.BatchingBatch.performExecution(BatchingBatch.java:110)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.BatchingBatch.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatch.java:101)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.AbstractBatchImpl.execute(AbstractBatchImpl.java:161)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcCoordinatorImpl.executeBatch(JdbcCoordinatorImpl.java:162)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:357)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:280)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:326)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:52)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1127)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:325)
at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.beforeTransactionCommit(JdbcTransaction.java:101)
at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.spi.AbstractTransactionImpl.commit(AbstractTransactionImpl.java:175)
at com.mamh.hibernate.demo.HibernateTest.destroy(HibernateTest.java:315)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:33)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mage`.`hb_order`, CONSTRAINT `FK1C0AD3C966B2F7AA` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `hb_customer` (`hb_customer_id`))
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.cj.core.util.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:185)
at com.mysql.cj.core.util.Util.getInstance(Util.java:168)
at com.mysql.cj.core.util.Util.getInstance(Util.java:175)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createBatchUpdateException(SQLError.java:636)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:1734)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1217)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeBatch(StatementImpl.java:1009)
at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.executeBatch(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:1723)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractStatementProxyHandler.continueInvocation(AbstractStatementProxyHandler.java:122)
... 37 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mage`.`hb_order`, CONSTRAINT `FK1C0AD3C966B2F7AA` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `hb_customer` (`hb_customer_id`))
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:533)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:513)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:115)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:1983)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1826)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2034)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:1712)
... 45 more
Process finished with exit code 255