hibernate单向多对一

配置hibernate环境（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43317111/article/details/103078545）

实体类

package com.wd.pojo;

public class Student {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Teacher tid;//注意映射到Teacher的主键，必须为Teacher类型
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Teacher getTid() {
		return tid;
	}
	public void setTid(Teacher tid) {
		this.tid = tid;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	public Student(Integer id, String name, Teacher tid) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.tid = tid;
	}
	
	public Student(String name, Teacher tid) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.tid = tid;
	}
	public Student() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
}

package com.wd.pojo;

public class Teacher {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	public Teacher(Integer id, String name) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public Teacher(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Teacher() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
}

映射文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
		<class name="com.wd.pojo.Student" table="t_student">
			<id name="id" column="id">
				<generator class="identity"></generator>
			</id>
			<property name="name" column="name" length="50"></property>
			<many-to-one name="tid" column="tid" not-null="true"></many-to-one>
		</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.wd.pojo.Teacher" table="t_teacher">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="identity"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name" column="name" length="50" ></property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试代码：

• Session生命周期（游离态，持久态，瞬时态）
• 测试save,delete,update,get

public class HibernateTest {
	@Test
	public void testCreateDB(){
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg);
		//第一个参数 是否打印脚本，第二个参数是否导入数据库
		se.create(true, true);
	}
	@Test
	public void testInit(){
		//准备数据
		Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("qwer");
		Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("asdf");
		Student student1 = new Student("张三", teacher1);
		Student student2 = new Student("李四", teacher2);
		Student student3 = new Student("王五", teacher2);
		Student student4 = new Student("赵柳", teacher2);
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			//开启事务，若其中某一步操作失败则回滚到初始状态
			session.beginTransaction();
			//此处必须先保存teacher,因为student的属性依赖于teacher
			session.save(teacher1);
			session.save(teacher2);
			session.save(student1);
			session.save(student2);
			session.save(student3);
			session.save(student4);
			//提交事务
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			//出现异常进行事务回滚
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testGet(){
		Session session=null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//即时查询，直接生成sql语句，不管是否在使用，若查询不存在则返回null
//			Student stu = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 2);
//			System.out.println(stu);
			
			//此时并不会生成sql语句并且对t_teacher表进行查询
			Student stu1 = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 0);
			//在使用时才会生成sql语句并且对t_teacher表进行查询,若查询不存在则报异常
			System.out.println(stu1.getTid());
			
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testSession(){
		//游离状态 
		//持久状态  
		//瞬时状态
		Session session=null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			
			Student student = (Student) session.get(Student.class, 3);
			System.out.println(student);
			Teacher teacher = new Teacher(2,"asdf");
			student.setTid(teacher);//处于持久状态时，不需要进行save()便能对数据进行更改
			
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSave(){
		Session session=null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//因为t_student的tid字段依赖于t_teacher,所以在进行学生信息保存的时候必须先进行teacher信息的保存
			
			Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("tyu");//新创建的teacher
			session.save(teacher1);
			Student student1 = new Student("Steven", teacher1);
			session.save(student1);
			System.out.println("===========================");
			Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher) session.get(Teacher.class, 1);//在数据库中已经保存的teacher
			Student student2 = new Student("Russell", teacher2);
			
			session.save(student2);
			
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testDel(){
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session= HibernateUtil.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			
//			Teacher teacher = new Teacher("zxcv"); //此时没有主键，判断为瞬时状态，无法进行删除，必须要有主键
			Teacher teacher = new Teacher(3, "zx");
			session.delete(teacher); //按照主键进行删除，尽管其他字段与表格中不符合，也能够删除成功
			
			session.getTransaction().commit();
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally{
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	@Test
	public void testUpd(){
		Session session= null;
		try {
			session= HibernateUtil.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			
			Teacher teacher = new Teacher(4,"tyui");
			//必须为持久态才能够进行（也就是必须要在数据库中存在且提供主键）
			//若是被其他表所依赖，只要被依赖字段不改变，则在更新其他字段的时候，并不会产生影响
			session.update(teacher);
			
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally{
			if(session!=null){
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
}