Lwip协议详解（基于Lwip 2.1.0）TCP协议 （未完待续）

6、TCP协议

6.1 TCP协议简介

• 完整的连接机制
• 正面确认与重传
• 缓存机制
• 全双工机制
• 流量控制
• 差错控制
• 拥塞控制
  -其他有效机制

6.2 TCP报文

6.3 TCP连接
（1）建立连接
（2）断开连接

6.4 TCP控制块
传输控制块中包含了双方实现基本通信所需要的信息，如发送窗口、接收窗口、数据缓冲区等，也包含了连接性能保障的相关字段，如定时器、拥塞控制、滑动窗口控制等。
TCP协议实现的本质是对TCP控制块各个字段进行操作：
在接收到TCP报文段时，在所有控制块中查找，以得到和报文目的地相匹配的控制块，并调用控制块上注册的各个函数对报文进行处理，TCP内核维护一些周期性的定时事件。

TCP控制块实现源码：

/** the TCP protocol control block */
struct tcp_pcb {
/** common PCB members */
  IP_PCB;
/** protocol specific PCB members */
  TCP_PCB_COMMON(struct tcp_pcb);

  /* ports are in host byte order */
  u16_t remote_port;

  tcpflags_t flags;
#define TF_ACK_DELAY   0x01U   /* Delayed ACK. */
#define TF_ACK_NOW     0x02U   /* Immediate ACK. */
#define TF_INFR        0x04U   /* In fast recovery. */
#define TF_CLOSEPEND   0x08U   /* If this is set, tcp_close failed to enqueue the FIN (retried in tcp_tmr) */
#define TF_RXCLOSED    0x10U   /* rx closed by tcp_shutdown */
#define TF_FIN         0x20U   /* Connection was closed locally (FIN segment enqueued). */
#define TF_NODELAY     0x40U   /* Disable Nagle algorithm */
#define TF_NAGLEMEMERR 0x80U   /* nagle enabled, memerr, try to output to prevent delayed ACK to happen */
#if LWIP_WND_SCALE
#define TF_WND_SCALE   0x0100U /* Window Scale option enabled */
#endif
#if TCP_LISTEN_BACKLOG
#define TF_BACKLOGPEND 0x0200U /* If this is set, a connection pcb has increased the backlog on its listener */
#endif
#if LWIP_TCP_TIMESTAMPS
#define TF_TIMESTAMP   0x0400U   /* Timestamp option enabled */
#endif
#define TF_RTO         0x0800U /* RTO timer has fired, in-flight data moved to unsent and being retransmitted */
#if LWIP_TCP_SACK_OUT
#define TF_SACK        0x1000U /* Selective ACKs enabled */
#endif

  /* the rest of the fields are in host byte order
     as we have to do some math with them */

  /* Timers */
  u8_t polltmr, pollinterval;
  u8_t last_timer;
  u32_t tmr;

  /* receiver variables */
  u32_t rcv_nxt;   /* next seqno expected */
  tcpwnd_size_t rcv_wnd;   /* receiver window available */
  tcpwnd_size_t rcv_ann_wnd; /* receiver window to announce */
  u32_t rcv_ann_right_edge; /* announced right edge of window */

#if LWIP_TCP_SACK_OUT
  /* SACK ranges to include in ACK packets (entry is invalid if left==right) */
  struct tcp_sack_range rcv_sacks[LWIP_TCP_MAX_SACK_NUM];
#define LWIP_TCP_SACK_VALID(pcb, idx) ((pcb)->rcv_sacks[idx].left != (pcb)->rcv_sacks[idx].right)
#endif /* LWIP_TCP_SACK_OUT */

  /* Retransmission timer. */
  s16_t rtime;

  u16_t mss;   /* maximum segment size */

  /* RTT (round trip time) estimation variables */
  u32_t rttest; /* RTT estimate in 500ms ticks */
  u32_t rtseq;  /* sequence number being timed */
  s16_t sa, sv; /* @see "Congestion Avoidance and Control" by Van Jacobson and Karels */

  s16_t rto;    /* retransmission time-out (in ticks of TCP_SLOW_INTERVAL) */
  u8_t nrtx;    /* number of retransmissions */

  /* fast retransmit/recovery */
  u8_t dupacks;
  u32_t lastack; /* Highest acknowledged seqno. */

  /* congestion avoidance/control variables */
  tcpwnd_size_t cwnd;
  tcpwnd_size_t ssthresh;

  /* first byte following last rto byte */
  u32_t rto_end;

  /* sender variables */
  u32_t snd_nxt;   /* next new seqno to be sent */
  u32_t snd_wl1, snd_wl2; /* Sequence and acknowledgement numbers of last
                             window update. */
  u32_t snd_lbb;       /* Sequence number of next byte to be buffered. */
  tcpwnd_size_t snd_wnd;   /* sender window */
  tcpwnd_size_t snd_wnd_max; /* the maximum sender window announced by the remote host */

  tcpwnd_size_t snd_buf;   /* Available buffer space for sending (in bytes). */
#define TCP_SNDQUEUELEN_OVERFLOW (0xffffU-3)
  u16_t snd_queuelen; /* Number of pbufs currently in the send buffer. */

#if TCP_OVERSIZE
  /* Extra bytes available at the end of the last pbuf in unsent. */
  u16_t unsent_oversize;
#endif /* TCP_OVERSIZE */

  tcpwnd_size_t bytes_acked;

  /* These are ordered by sequence number: */
  struct tcp_seg *unsent;   /* Unsent (queued) segments. */
  struct tcp_seg *unacked;  /* Sent but unacknowledged segments. */
#if TCP_QUEUE_OOSEQ
  struct tcp_seg *ooseq;    /* Received out of sequence segments. */
#endif /* TCP_QUEUE_OOSEQ */

  struct pbuf *refused_data; /* Data previously received but not yet taken by upper layer */

#if LWIP_CALLBACK_API || TCP_LISTEN_BACKLOG
  struct tcp_pcb_listen* listener;
#endif /* LWIP_CALLBACK_API || TCP_LISTEN_BACKLOG */

#if LWIP_CALLBACK_API
  /* Function to be called when more send buffer space is available. */
  tcp_sent_fn sent;
  /* Function to be called when (in-sequence) data has arrived. */
  tcp_recv_fn recv;
  /* Function to be called when a connection has been set up. */
  tcp_connected_fn connected;
  /* Function which is called periodically. */
  tcp_poll_fn poll;
  /* Function to be called whenever a fatal error occurs. */
  tcp_err_fn errf;
#endif /* LWIP_CALLBACK_API */

#if LWIP_TCP_TIMESTAMPS
  u32_t ts_lastacksent;
  u32_t ts_recent;
#endif /* LWIP_TCP_TIMESTAMPS */

  /* idle time before KEEPALIVE is sent */
  u32_t keep_idle;
#if LWIP_TCP_KEEPALIVE
  u32_t keep_intvl;
  u32_t keep_cnt;
#endif /* LWIP_TCP_KEEPALIVE */

  /* Persist timer counter */
  u8_t persist_cnt;
  /* Persist timer back-off */
  u8_t persist_backoff;
  /* Number of persist probes */
  u8_t persist_probe;

  /* KEEPALIVE counter */
  u8_t keep_cnt_sent;

#if LWIP_WND_SCALE
  u8_t snd_scale;
  u8_t rcv_scale;
#endif
};

6.5 TCP编程函数
6.6 TCP输出处理
6.7 TCP输入处理