Knight Shortest Path

Given a knight in a chessboard (a binary matrix with 0 as empty and 1 as barrier) with a source position, find the shortest path to a destination position, return the length of the route.
Return -1 if knight can not reached.

/**
 * Definition for a point.
 * public class Point {
 *     publoc int x, y;
 *     public Point() { x = 0; y = 0; }
 *     public Point(int a, int b) { x = a; y = b; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param grid a chessboard included 0 (false) and 1 (true)
     * @param source, destination a point
     * @return the shortest path 
     */
    public int shortestPath(boolean[][] grid, Point source, Point destination) {
        if (grid == null || grid.length == 0 || grid[0].length == 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        int n = grid.length;
        int m = grid[0].length;
        int[] directionX = {1, 1, -1, -1, 2, 2, -2, -2};
        int[] directionY = {2, -2, 2, -2, 1, -1, 1, -1};
        Queue<Point> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(source);
        int step = 0;
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int size = queue.size();
            step++;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Point point = queue.poll();
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                    Point adj = new Point(
                        point.x + directionX[j],
                        point.y + directionY[j]
                    );
                    if (inBound(adj.x, adj.y, grid)) {
                        if (adj.x == destination.x && adj.y == destination.y) {
                            return step;
                        }
                        //走过的点不能再走了,抹掉
                        grid[adj.x][adj.y] = true;
                        queue.offer(adj);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
    private boolean inBound(int x, int y, boolean[][] grid) {
        int n = grid.length;
        int m = grid[0].length;
        return x >= 0 && x < n && y >= 0 && y < m && grid[x][y] == false;
    }
}
Practice 1 Date: Monday, March 18th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Implement exercise 2.3-7. Implement priority queue. Implement Quicksort and answer the following questions. (1) How many comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements that all have the same value? (2) What are the maximum and minimum number of comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements, give an instance for maximum and minimum case respectively. Give a divide and conquer algorithm for the following problem: you are given two sorted lists of size m and n, and are allowed unit time access to the ith element of each list. Give an O(lg m + lgn) time algorithm for computing the kth largest element in the union of the two lists. (For simplicity, you can assume that the elements of the two lists are distinct). Practice 2 Date: Monday, April 1st, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Matrix-chain product. The following are some instances. Longest Common Subsequence (LCS). The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Longest Common Substring. The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Max Sum. The following is an instance. (-2,11,-4,13,-5,-2) Shortest path in multistage graphs. Find the shortest path from 0 to 15 for the following graph.   A multistage graph is a graph (1) G=(V,E) with V partitioned into K >= 2 disjoint subsets such that if (a,b) is in E, then a is in Vi , and b is in Vi+1 for some subsets in the partition; and (2) | V1 | = | VK | = 1.     Practice 3 Date: Monday, April 15th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem both as fractional knapsack and 0/1 knapsack. A simple scheduling problem. We are given jobs j1, j2… jn, all with known running times t1, t2… tn, respectively. We have a single processor. What is the best way to schedule these jobs in order to minimize the average completion time. Assume that it is a nonpreemptive scheduling: once a job is started, it must run to completion. The following is an instance. (j1, j2, j3, j4) : (15,8,3,10) Single-source shortest paths. The following is the adjacency matrix, vertex A is the source.  A B C D E A -1 3 B 3 2 2 C D 1 5 E -3 All-pairs shortest paths. The adjacency matrix is as same as that of problem 3.(Use Floyd or Johnson’s algorithm)     Practice 4 Date: Monday, May 8th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. 0/1 Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem using back-tracking algorithm and try to draw the tree generated. Solve the 8-Queen problem using back-tracking algorithm.    
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