mysql 学习笔记 ⑤

子查询 - 3

查询 “计算机系” 课程的成绩表。

思路是，先找出 course 表中所有 计算机系 课程的编号，然后根据这个编号查询 score 表。

-- 通过 teacher 表查询所有 `计算机系` 的教师编号
SELECT no, name, department FROM teacher WHERE department = '计算机系'
+-----+--------+--------------+
| no  | name   | department   |
+-----+--------+--------------+
| 804 | 李诚   | 计算机系     |
| 825 | 王萍   | 计算机系     |
+-----+--------+--------------+

-- 通过 course 表查询该教师的课程编号
SELECT no FROM course WHERE t_no IN (
    SELECT no FROM teacher WHERE department = '计算机系'
);
+-------+
| no    |
+-------+
| 3-245 |
| 3-105 |
+-------+

-- 根据筛选出来的课程号查询成绩表
SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_no IN (
    SELECT no FROM course WHERE t_no IN (
        SELECT no FROM teacher WHERE department = '计算机系'
    )
);
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 103  | 3-245 |     86 |
| 105  | 3-245 |     75 |
| 109  | 3-245 |     68 |
| 101  | 3-105 |     90 |
| 102  | 3-105 |     91 |
| 103  | 3-105 |     92 |
| 104  | 3-105 |     89 |
| 105  | 3-105 |     88 |
| 109  | 3-105 |     76 |
+------+-------+--------+

UNION 和 NOTIN 的使用

查询 计算机系 与 电子工程系 中的不同职称的教师。

-- NOT: 代表逻辑非
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE department = '计算机系' AND profession NOT IN (
    SELECT profession FROM teacher WHERE department = '电子工程系'
)
-- 合并两个集
UNION
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE department = '电子工程系' AND profession NOT IN (
    SELECT profession FROM teacher WHERE department = '计算机系'
);

ANY 表示至少一个 - DESC ( 降序 )

查询课程 3-105 且成绩 至少 高于 3-245 的 score 表。

SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-105';
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 101  | 3-105 |     90 |
| 102  | 3-105 |     91 |
| 103  | 3-105 |     92 |
| 104  | 3-105 |     89 |
| 105  | 3-105 |     88 |
| 109  | 3-105 |     76 |
+------+-------+--------+

SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-245';
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 103  | 3-245 |     86 |
| 105  | 3-245 |     75 |
| 109  | 3-245 |     68 |
+------+-------+--------+

-- ANY: 符合SQL语句中的任意条件。
-- 也就是说，在 3-105 成绩中，只要有一个大于从 3-245 筛选出来的任意行就符合条件，
-- 最后根据降序查询结果。
SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-105' AND degree > ANY(
    SELECT degree FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-245'
) ORDER BY degree DESC;
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 103  | 3-105 |     92 |
| 102  | 3-105 |     91 |
| 101  | 3-105 |     90 |
| 104  | 3-105 |     89 |
| 105  | 3-105 |     88 |
| 109  | 3-105 |     76 |
+------+-------+--------+

表示所有的 ALL

查询课程 3-105 且成绩高于 3-245 的 score 表。

-- 只需对上一道题稍作修改。
-- ALL: 符合SQL语句中的所有条件。
-- 也就是说，在 3-105 每一行成绩中，都要大于从 3-245 筛选出来全部行才算符合条件。
SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-105' AND degree > ALL(
    SELECT degree FROM score WHERE c_no = '3-245'
);
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 101  | 3-105 |     90 |
| 102  | 3-105 |     91 |
| 103  | 3-105 |     92 |
| 104  | 3-105 |     89 |
| 105  | 3-105 |     88 |
+------+-------+--------+

复制表的数据作为条件查询

查询某课程成绩比该课程平均成绩低的 score 表。

-- 查询平均分
SELECT c_no, AVG(degree) FROM score GROUP BY c_no;
+-------+-------------+
| c_no  | AVG(degree) |
+-------+-------------+
| 3-105 |     87.6667 |
| 3-245 |     76.3333 |
| 6-166 |     81.6667 |
+-------+-------------+

-- 查询 score 表
SELECT degree FROM score;
+--------+
| degree |
+--------+
|     90 |
|     91 |
|     92 |
|     86 |
|     85 |
|     89 |
|     88 |
|     75 |
|     79 |
|     76 |
|     68 |
|     81 |
+--------+

-- 将表 b 作用于表 a 中查询数据
-- score a (b): 将表声明为 a (b)，
-- 如此就能用 a.c_no = b.c_no 作为条件执行查询了。
SELECT * FROM score a WHERE degree < (
    (SELECT AVG(degree) FROM score b WHERE a.c_no = b.c_no)
);
+------+-------+--------+
| s_no | c_no  | degree |
+------+-------+--------+
| 105  | 3-245 |     75 |
| 105  | 6-166 |     79 |
| 109  | 3-105 |     76 |
| 109  | 3-245 |     68 |
| 109  | 6-166 |     81 |
+------+-------+--------+