激发与响应事件的载体都是对象。“事件源”激发,“响应者”响应事件,且提供“事件响应或处理方法”。一个事件可以没有响应者,后有多个响应者,当事件发生时计算机会检查有无响应者,有的话调用它的事件响应方法。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
public delegate void MyEventDelegate(int value);
public class EventSource//事件源
{
public MyEventDelegate handlers;//响应者清单
}
public class EventResponsor//事件响应者
{
public void MyMethod(int i)//事件响应方法
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
EventSource es = new EventSource();//事件源对象
EventResponsor er1 = new EventResponsor();//两个事件响应者
EventResponsor er2 = new EventResponsor();
es.handlers = Delegate.Combine(es.handlers, new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod)) as MyEventDelegate;
es.handlers = Delegate.Combine(es.handlers,new MyEventDelegate(er2.MyMethod)) as MyEventDelegate;
//es.handlers += new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod);
//es.handlers += new MyEventDelegate(er2.MyMethod);
//es.handlers += er1.MyMethod;
//es.handlers += er2.MyMethod;
//es.handlers =(MyEventDelegate)Delegate.Combine(es.handlers, new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod));
//MyEventDelegate mine = new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod);
//mine = es.handlers + mine;
es.handlers(10);
}
}
}
注意:在上述代码中事件的激发是es.handlers(10);这个语句很显然他是在Main函数中引发的,但是真实的事件应该是事件源本身引发,却不应该是外界(Main)引发。为了限制事件的激发只能在事件源对象自己引发,c#中引入了新的关键字“event”。
对上面的代码进行改动:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
public delegate void MyEventDelegate(int value);
public class EventSource
{
public event MyEventDelegate handlers;//响应者清单
public void FireEvent()
{
if (handlers!=null)
{
handlers(10);
}
}
}
public class EventResponsor
{
public void MyMethod(int i)//事件响应方法
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
EventSource es = new EventSource();//事件源对象
EventResponsor er1 = new EventResponsor();//两个事件响应者
EventResponsor er2 = new EventResponsor();
//这时不能用委托的静态组合方法Combine了只能使用+=运算符实现追加多路委托
//es.handlers = Delegate.Combine(es.handlers, new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod)) as MyEventDelegate;
//es.handlers = Delegate.Combine(es.handlers,new MyEventDelegate(er2.MyMethod)) as MyEventDelegate;
es.handlers += new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod);
es.handlers += new MyEventDelegate(er2.MyMethod);
//es.handlers += er1.MyMethod;
//es.handlers += er2.MyMethod;
//es.handlers =(MyEventDelegate)Delegate.Combine(es.handlers, new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod));
//MyEventDelegate mine = new MyEventDelegate(er1.MyMethod);
//mine = es.handlers + mine;
//声明为事件的委托不能直接调用
//es.handlers(10);
es.FireEvent();
}
}
}
一个事件可以有多个响应方法,反过来,一个方法也可以响应多个事件。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApplication4
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
foreach (Control ctl in groupBox1.Controls)
{
if (ctl is TextBox)
{
(ctl as TextBox).KeyDown += this.EnterToTab;
}
}
}
private void EnterToTab(Object sender,KeyEventArgs e)
{
TextBox txt = null;
if (e.KeyCode==Keys.Enter)
{
groupBox1.SelectNextControl(sender as Control,true,true,true,true);
txt = (sender as TextBox);
if (txt != null)
txt.SelectAll();
}
}
}
}
在四个textbox控件中按enter移动焦点。