libevent例子：hello-world

libevent自带的sample
例子简单，且包含的API比较全面

#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include <event2/util.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

static const char MESSAGE[] = "Hello, World!\n";

static const int PORT = 9995;

static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t, struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *);
static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *, void *);
static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *, short, void *);
static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t, short, void *);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct event_base *base;
    struct evconnlistener *listener;
    struct event *signal_event;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;

    base = event_base_new();
    if (!base) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base,
        LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1,
        (struct sockaddr*)&sin,
        sizeof(sin));

    if (!listener) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener!\n");
        return 1;
    }

/*
    signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base);

    if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event!\n");
        return 1;
    }
*/
    event_base_dispatch(base);

    evconnlistener_free(listener);
    event_free(signal_event);
    event_base_free(base);

    printf("done\n");
    return 0;
}

static void
listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
    struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data)
{
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct bufferevent *bev;

    bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
    if (!bev) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!");
        event_base_loopbreak(base);
        return;
    }
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, conn_writecb, conn_eventcb, NULL);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE);
    //有点奇怪呀，why disable read,disable后server就读不了了，connect_eventcb事件根本触发不了
    bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_READ);

    bufferevent_write(bev, MESSAGE, strlen(MESSAGE));
}

static void
conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data)
{
    struct evbuffer *output = bufferevent_get_output(bev);
    if (evbuffer_get_length(output) == 0) {
        printf("flushed answer\n");
        bufferevent_free(bev);
    }
}

static void
conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data)
{
    if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) {
        printf("Connection closed.\n");
    } else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
        printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n",
            strerror(errno));/*XXX win32*/
    }
    /* None of the other events can happen here, since we haven't enabled
     * timeouts */
    bufferevent_free(bev);
}

static void
signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data)
{
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct timeval delay = { 2, 0 };

    printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in two seconds.\n");

    event_base_loopexit(base, &delay);
}

用到很多API，可以学习下;

nc

为了对比一下，先看一下用nc连接进行的抓包情况吧

client端
[root@dl1 sample]$ nc 127.0.0.1 12345
server端
[dongh@dl1 samples]$nc -l 12345

tcpdump抓包的情况

显示TCP/IP三次握手，之后client端->server端发送数据，之后client端断开连接，4次挥手。

hello-world

顺便用tcpdump转包观察下现象,顺带熟悉下tcp/ip状态

client端
[root@dl1 sample]$ nc 127.0.0.1 9995
server端
[dongh@dl1 samples]$ ./a.out

另外用tcpdump抓包

[root@dl1 ~]# tcpdump -i lo -nt port 9995

结果看截图吧

前三行，TCP/IP三次握手，不必多说。注意到server给client发送的数据中有PSH标志，试验了下(难道都有？？此标志，待查)，另外见TCP选项见下图

之后server端给client端发送FIN分节(是因为在conn_eventcb回调函数中关闭了bufferevent_free(bev)事件，从而调用了close，关发送了FIN分节)，client端响应ACK；

有几处需要注意的,若需要相应event_cb事件。
1. 即使不调用bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE)事件，bufferevent_write也会触发可读写事件
2. 要想触发event_cb事件(错误事件)，需要enable_read

经过试验验证是这样的情况，还没有去官方文档上找到说法。
但是试了一个客户端程序，不需要enable read就可以读回调错误函数，见下,这个问题以后再解决吧

#include <event2/event.h>
#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
void eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *ptr)
{
if (events & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED) {
/* We’re connected to 127.0.0.1:8080. Ordinarily we’d do
something here, like start reading or writing. */
} else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
/* An error occured while connecting. */
}
}
int main_loop(void)
{
struct event_base *base;
struct bufferevent *bev;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
base = event_base_new();
memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(0x7f000001); /* 127.0.0.1 */
sin.sin_port = htons(8080); /* Port 8080 */
bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, -1, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, NULL, eventcb, NULL);
if (bufferevent_socket_connect(bev,
(struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) {
/* Error starting connection */
bufferevent_free(bev);
return -1;
}
event_base_dispatch(base);
return 0;
}