北京同仁医院近五年近视防控研究成果综述
近年来,北京同仁医院在儿童青少年近视防控领域开展了多方面的研究工作,取得了诸多重要成果。本文按照研究类型分类,总结2020年至2025年间该院主导或深度参与的近视防控相关研究,包括临床试验与前瞻性随访研究、回顾性数据分析研究、近视基础研究以及公共卫生干预策略研究。每项研究均列出标题、作者、发表年份,简述研究方法、主要结果及结论。
一、临床试验与前瞻性随访研究
-
低浓度阿托品滴眼液延缓近视进展的随机对照试验(2020年,魏士飞、李仕明等) (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网) (Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PubMed)。该研究由北京同仁医院王宁利团队主导,在**《美国医学会眼科杂志(JAMA Ophthalmology)》发表 (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网)。研究采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验**,纳入220名6~12岁近视儿童,一组每晚使用0.01%硫酸阿托品眼药水,另一组使用安慰剂,随访1年 ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC ) ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC )。结果:试验一年后,0.01%阿托品组儿童近视度数进展平均为-0.49 D,明显小于对照组的-0.76 D(差异0.26 D,95%CI 0.12~0.41 D,P<0.001),相对减少约34.2%的近视进展 ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC );眼轴增长亦在阿托品组显著放缓(0.32 mm vs 0.41 mm,差异0.09 mm,P=0.004,减少约22.0%) ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC )。0.01%阿托品组有48.7%的儿童一年内近视加深不足0.50 D(对照组仅30.1%),且仅13.2%加深超过1.0 D(对照组达34.9%) (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网)。两组均未出现严重不良反应,阿托品组耐受性良好 ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC )。结论:低浓度(0.01%)阿托品滴眼液在中国近视儿童中有效且安全,可显著延缓一年内的近视度数增长和眼轴延长 (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网) (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网)。这一高质量随机试验为低浓度阿托品用于我国儿童青少年近视防控提供了循证依据 (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网) (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网)。
-
COVID-19疫情居家学习对儿童近视进展的影响(2021年,马丹丹、魏士飞、李仕明等) (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed) (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。该研究发表在**《Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology》杂志 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。研究以自然队列前瞻性随访方式,观察北京某学生队列在新冠疫情前后的近视变化。对2019年7月、2020年1月(疫情初期)和2020年8月(居家学习后)三个时间点的数据进行比较 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。结果:与疫情前(2019年下半年)相比,疫情期间(2020年上半年)儿童近视进展速度显著加快,右眼屈光度平均变化为-0.93 D,而疫情前相同期为-0.33 D(P<0.001),近视加深接近疫情前的3倍 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。两时期眼轴增长差异虽有增加但临床上差异不明显 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。回归分析发现,近视加深的差异主要与基线眼轴较长**、线上学习时间长以及电子屏幕使用时间长等因素相关(均P<0.05) (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。结论:COVID-19疫情期间的居家学习环境使儿童面临更高的近视进展风险。长时间的线上学习和电子屏幕近距离用眼可能是近视加速的促进因素,因此在特殊环境下需加强用眼卫生指导,以减轻近视加重的风险 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed) (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed)。
-
儿童近视进展与视盘旁萎缩形态变化的关联研究(2022年,张景尚、李菁、金子兵等) (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed) (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。该研究发表于**《Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology》杂志 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。采用学校人群前瞻性队列随访设计,利用“近视危险因素三河队列 (Sanhe Cohort)”的数据,连续观察610名8~11岁小学生在2016~2017年一年的近视进展及视盘周围视网膜改变情况 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。通过眼底照相测量视盘β区旁视网膜萎缩区(β-PPA)的形态和面积,以及视盘椭圆率指数,与屈光度和眼轴变化进行关联分析 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed) (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。结果:基线时近视患病率为72.6%,在近视儿童中,垂直方向和水平方向β-PPA的出现率均约为75.8%,视盘呈椭圆形者11.6% (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。一年随访期内,儿童近视度数和眼轴长度随着β-PPA区域的扩大和视盘椭圆指数的增加而加深/增长 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。其中水平方向β-PPA的扩展与近视度数加深和眼轴延长显著相关**(P<0.05),β-PPA面积和视盘椭圆率的进展速度在近视加深较快的儿童中更高 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。女生的视盘形态变化和近视加深幅度总体高于男生(部分差异有统计学意义,P<0.05) (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。结论:小学三年级学生为期一年的纵向研究显示,近视进展伴随着视盘旁萎缩区的扩大和视盘形态的改变。视盘旁萎缩区域和视盘椭圆化程度的变化与近视屈光度加深及眼轴增长呈正相关 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed)。这一研究从形态学角度揭示了近视发生发展过程中眼底结构的动态改变,为进一步理解近视的发病机制及评估近视进展风险提供了依据。
-
色觉缺陷与儿童近视发生发展的关联(2022年,甘佳和、李仕明、王宁利等) (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed)。该研究由同仁医院与合作单位完成,发表于**《Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science》**(IOVS)杂志。作为一项多中心前瞻性队列研究,随访观察了具有先天色觉缺陷(色盲/色弱)的儿童与正常儿童在5年内近视发生率和进展速度的差异 (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed) (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed)。结果:研究发现,有色觉缺陷的儿童5年间近视发生率更低、近视进展速度更慢 (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed)。与色觉正常的对照相比,色觉缺陷儿童在随访期内近视的新发率显著降低,近视度数加深幅度也较小。结论:色觉缺陷可能成为儿童不易发生近视或近视进展较慢的一个保护性因素 (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed)。这一发现提示视觉刺激和用眼行为方面的差异(例如色觉缺陷者可能阅读等精细用眼行为相对减少)可能影响近视发展,为近视发生的机制研究提供了新的视角。
二、回顾性数据分析研究
-
降低框架眼镜屈光度数间隔对青少年近视进展的影响(2022年,甄毅、曹凯等) (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台) (5度眼镜-处方镜片-明灏科技-明灏集团)。该研究发表于中文核心期刊《眼科》 (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台) (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。设计为回顾性病例系列研究,收集2019~2021年在北京同仁医院验光配镜中心配镜的近视儿童126例,根据所配眼镜球镜度数调节间隔不同分为两组:一组使用0.05 D精细间隔调整屈光度的框架眼镜(53例),另一组使用常规0.25 D间隔调整屈光度的眼镜(73例) (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。两组在验光方法、镜片材料和工艺等方面均一致,仅处方屈光度调整精度不同,然后通过电子病历记录比较儿童的近视进展情况 (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。结果:两组儿童初次验光时近视度数及年龄等基线特征无显著差异 (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。随访观察相邻两次配镜之间(平均约10个月)的屈光度变化,0.05D精细间隔组的月均近视加深速度显著低于0.25D常规间隔组 (降低框架眼镜球镜度数调整间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-学术论文发表-明灏科技-明灏集团)。据报道,0.05D组相比0.25D组总体近视进展速度降低了约44%,尤其前6个月近视进展减缓幅度达到63%,其延缓近视的效果接近目前应用的周边离焦眼镜片或角膜塑形镜矫形术 (5度眼镜-处方镜片-明灏科技-明灏集团)。结论:采用更精细的验光屈光度调整间隔(如0.05D而非传统0.25D)进行足矫配镜,可提高屈光矫正精度和视网膜成像质量,有可能更有效地延缓青少年近视进展 (5度眼镜-处方镜片-明灏科技-明灏集团) (降低框架眼镜球镜度数调整间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-学术论文发表-明灏科技-明灏集团)。研究认为,这一效果可能与精确足矫避免了因0.25D调节步长限制而出现的欠矫状况,从而减少了因欠矫导致的持续性远视性离焦和形觉剥夺有关 (5度眼镜-处方镜片-明灏科技-明灏集团)。
-
青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜的效果(2021年,吕燕云、武晶晶等) (青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜效果观察-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。该研究发表在中文期刊《眼科》上(2021年第4期),为北京同仁医院验光配镜中心的回顾性分析。纳入2011~2013年在同仁医院验配角膜塑形镜且坚持配戴3年以上、定期复查的近视性屈光参差(双眼近视度数不等)青少年21例。按照配戴者双眼初始近视度数不同,将每例的高度数眼和低度数眼分别归入两组,比较配戴角膜塑形镜3年过程中两组眼轴长度、中央角膜厚度及角膜内皮密度的动态变化 (青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜效果观察-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。结果:21例屈光参差青少年在配戴角膜塑形镜3年后,双眼的眼轴长度均有一定程度增长(总体时间效应显著,P=0.000),但高度数眼组的眼轴增长幅度小于低度数眼组(组间差异P=0.003) (青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜效果观察-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。具体而言,高度近视眼组3年眼轴平均延长约0.48 mm,而低度近视眼组延长约0.75 mm (青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜效果观察-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)。角膜中央厚度和角膜内皮细胞计数在配戴期间无显著不良变化,各随访时点与配镜前相比差异无统计学意义(原文数据略)。结论:对于近视性屈光参差青少年,长时期配戴角膜塑形镜是安全可行的,且可能有助于控制高度数眼的眼轴过快增长。在本研究中,高度近视眼(屈光度较高的一眼)的进展速度相对较慢,双眼屈光度差异有缩小趋势,说明角膜塑形镜不仅可以矫正视力,还可能在一定程度上平衡双眼近视的发展。 (青少年近视性屈光参差患者长期配戴角膜塑形镜效果观察-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台)这一发现为屈光参差合并近视患者的矫治提供了思路,即通过角膜塑形等干预同时控制双眼近视进展,从而减少高度近视并发症风险。
(注:由于角膜塑形镜配戴3年以上的随访属于2011-2016年的数据分析,虽发表于2021年,严格来说研究对象招募早于本文综述时间范围。然而其发表和成果报道在近五年内,且具有近视防控意义,故纳入讨论。)
三、近视相关基础研究(遗传与发病机制)
-
中国西北地区高度近视家系的全外显子测序研究(2021年,刘洋、金子兵等) (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China) (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。该研究发表于Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology杂志 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)(研究专题“眼病相关基因突变”),由北京同仁医院北京眼科研究所与宁夏医科大学等合作完成。采用全外显子测序(WES)方法,分析来自中国西北地区的27个高度近视家系的遗传学特征 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。研究通过生物信息学筛选和家系共分离分析,从测序数据中鉴定致病候选基因突变。结果:在27个高度近视家系中共发现201个可能相关的遗传变异位点,其中有139个位点在家系中与表型共分离 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。通过多步骤筛选,最终确认了4个家系中出现的新的疑似致病基因突变:分别位于 CSMD1(c.904C>T,p.R302C)、PARP8(c.860G>A,p.R287H)、ADAMTSL1(c.G848A,p.G283D)和 FNDC3B(c.686A>G,p.H229R)基因 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。这些变异在公共数据库(ExAC、gnomAD等)中极为罕见或未收录,提示为新发现的高度近视相关候选突变 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。结论:本研究拓展了中国人群高度近视的致病基因谱,鉴定出若干新的可能致病基因,为深入阐明高度近视的遗传机制提供了线索 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China)。这些发现将有助于后续针对遗传性高度近视的功能研究和风险预测。
-
非综合征型高度近视相关基因突变筛查(2021年,郑伊含、金子兵等) (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed) (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。该研究发表于**《Molecular Vision》杂志 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。课题针对散发或家族性非综合征型高度近视患者的已知候选基因进行突变筛查**。研究纳入中国人群中103名高度近视患者(其中101例为无关散发病例,另有一对母子),针对文献报道的7个高度近视致病基因(AGRN、SLC39A5、SCO2、P4HA2、BSG、ZNF644、CPSF1)进行测序分析 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。结果:在一对高度近视的母子中发现了 AGRN 基因的一个极罕见突变(c.2627A>T,p.K876M),而其无近视的父亲不携带该突变 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed),支持该变异与表型共分离。此外,在另外若干患者中又发现了 AGRN 基因的另外两个错义变异(p.P1596L和p.G1686S) (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。除了AGRN外,在余下患者中共检测到8个可能有功能影响的杂合变异,分别位于 SLC39A5(2个移码/插入变异)、SCO2(缺失变异)、P4HA2(错义)、BSG(错义)、ZNF644(错义)和 CPSF1(2个错义)基因 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。后续的生物信息学分析和对照组比较支持这些变异的潜在致病性 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。结论:本研究进一步证明了 AGRN 基因在高度近视遗传中的可能作用,并通过对多个已知基因的筛查扩展了非综合征型高度近视的变异光谱 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed)。这些数据为高度近视的分子诊断和机制研究提供了宝贵资料。
-
病理性近视视网膜脉络膜萎缩的新分级系统研究(2024年,牛羽宁、金子兵等)。该研究发表于**《Ophthalmology and Therapy》** (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy )。虽然主要聚焦于高度近视并发的脉络膜视网膜萎缩,但其采用的人工智能图像分析方法和建立的定量分级,有助于理解高度近视的组织病理改变进程。研究收集了202例病理性近视患者(338只眼)的广角眼底照相影像,利用深度学习模型分割计算弥漫性脉络膜视网膜萎缩(DCA)病灶的面积和密度,并据此将DCA严重程度分为四级(G0–G3) (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy ) (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy )。结果:研究成功建立了以病灶面积密度为依据的客观分级标准:无萎缩为G0,轻度萎缩G1(密度≤0.093),中度G2(0.093~0.245),重度G3(>0.245) (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy )。随着级别升高,眼底萎缩斑块范围逐渐扩大、由点状融合成边界不清的大块,颜色由棕黄转为黄白,典型起始于视盘颞侧向黄斑区扩展,重度时萎缩灶几乎遍布后极部 (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy )。统计分析显示,发生DCA的患者较无萎缩者眼轴更长(平均28.85 mm vs 27.11 mm)且年龄更大,提示高度近视随时间进展导致累积性的脉络膜视网膜损害 (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy )。结论:本研究提出了一种基于AI的病理性近视眼底萎缩定量分级新方法,为评估高度近视患者眼底病变严重程度和进展提供了标准化工具。这一分级有助于后续研究高度近视致盲性并发症的发生规律,并可为临床制定干预措施(如何时实施后巩膜加固或干预新生血管等)提供依据。
(注:病理性近视的脉络膜萎缩属于高度近视晚期并发症范畴,虽不直接属于“近视防控”,但其研究有助于理解高度近视进展的病理机制,故作为基础研究成果一并提及。)
四、公共卫生干预策略研究
-
数字化综合近视防控策略的成本效果研究(2023年,李如月、张恺文、李仕明、王宁利等) (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。该研究发表在**《柳叶刀-西太平洋区域健康》(The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)杂志上 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。研究基于决策模型分析**,评估在中国儿童青少年中实施数字化近视防控综合策略的成本效果 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。模型比较了三种情景:学校视力筛查(基础干预),传统的综合近视防控策略(线下视力筛查+健康教育+随访管理等),以及引入数字化工具的数字综合近视防控策略 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。通过Markov模型模拟6~18岁人群在三种干预下近视发生发展的转归,并计算质量调整寿命年(QALY)、避免的疾病负担(DALY)以及增量成本效果比(ICER)等指标 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific) (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。结果:与仅开展学校视力筛查相比,实施数字化综合防控策略可使18岁学生近视患病率降低约3.5~3.8个百分点(城市和农村学生分别降低3.48%和3.79%) (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。在成本效用方面,数字化策略每获得1个QALY的增量成本为农村约11,301美元、城市约10,707美元,均低于相应地区人均GDP的阈值(分别为其3倍和1倍以内),具有成本效益 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。在成本效果(DALY)分析中,数字化策略每避免1个DALY的成本略高于阈值,但在干预依从性优化情景下(如假设户外活动落实率100%、矫正覆盖率100%),数字化综合策略可以满足成本效果阈值,其中户外活动的充分落实既能达到效果阈值又可显著降低总体成本 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。结论:从卫生经济学角度看,在中国全国范围推广数字化的综合近视防控策略是具有成本效益的干预 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。研究为决策者提供了经济学依据,建议通过数字化手段加强视力筛查、健康教育和干预随访,可在可承担的成本下取得显著的近视防控收益 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific)。此成果对政府制定青少年近视防控政策具有直接参考价值。
-
北京地区学生近视防控长期项目及政策转化(2020年,王宁利等)。北京同仁医院与首都医科大学儿少卫生团队、北京市疾控中心长期合作开展北京市中小学生视力低下防控管理系列研究。该项目自2005年前后起实施,持续15年以上,以人群干预手段控制学生近视高发趋势 (公共卫生学院)。在“十二五”期间,项目组识别了北京青少年近视的可控危险因素,开展了大规模健康教育,并推动政府改造了全市约3万间照明不达标的教室,改善光照条件,使超过60%的中小学生受益 (公共卫生学院)。在“十三五”期间,团队以精准预防为导向,在北京市6个城区建立了防控高度近视的随访研究队列,对学生进行眼底监测(如视盘旁萎缩弧、黄斑区视网膜的变化)和近视进展风险的动态评估,并为每名学生制定个性化的干预措施,累计有2000名学生接受了连续随访干预 (公共卫生学院)。结果:这些研究经验直接转化为了北京市和国家的近视防控政策。例如,北京市将项目成果融入“健康北京行动(2020-2030)”战略,推出了被称为“四阶段法”或“三个半小时行动计划”的户外活动方案——即每日保证学生上下学路上0.5小时、课间1小时、户外课程1小时、放学后1小时,共3.5小时户外活动 (公共卫生学院)。结论:北京同仁医院参与的长期公共卫生综合干预显著促进了近视防控策略从科研走向政策。通过学校、家庭、医疗机构多方协作的综合干预,可以在大人群中实践并验证近视防控措施的有效性,并为政府制定循证政策提供依据。这种大型社区干预模式为我国其他地区乃至全球应对青少年近视提供了宝贵示范。
以上综述了北京同仁医院在近视防控领域近五年所取得的主要研究进展。总体而言,该院不仅在近视防控的新型临床干预(如低浓度阿托品、精细验光配镜等)方面开展了开创性研究,也在流行病学观察、遗传机制探索以及公共卫生实践上做出了突出贡献。这些科研成果为深化我们对近视发生发展的认识、优化临床防控手段以及制定公共卫生政策提供了重要的科学依据,也体现了北京同仁医院作为国家眼科中心在近视防控战线上所发挥的引领作用。
参考文献:
-
Wei S, Li SM, An W, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(11):1178-1184 (附属北京同仁医院王宁利教授团队《JAMA Ophthalmol》揭示低浓度阿托品滴眼液控制儿童近视进展的有效性和安全性-首医要闻-首都医科大学新闻网) ( Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Atropine Eyedrops for the Treatment of Myopia Progression in Chinese Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial - PMC ).
-
Ma D, Wei S, Li SM, et al. Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259(9):2813-2820 (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed) (Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic - PubMed).
-
Zhang JS, Li J, Wang JD, et al. The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;260(2):677-687 (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed) (The association of myopia progression with the morphological changes of optic disc and β-peripapillary atrophy in primary school students - PubMed).
-
Gan J, Li SM, Atchison DA, et al. Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63(2):2 (Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period - PubMed).
-
甄毅, 曹凯, 高杰. 降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展 (降低框架眼镜球镜度数间隔有可能延缓青少年近视进展-期刊-万方数据知识服务平台). 眼科. 2022;31(2):89-93 (5度眼镜-处方镜片-明灏科技-明灏集团).
-
刘洋, 张金金, 苗雅, 等. Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:645501 (Frontiers | Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China).
-
Zheng YH, Cai XB, Xia LQ, et al. Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia. Mol Vis. 2021;27:706-717 (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed) (Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia - PubMed).
-
Li R, Zhang K, Li SM, et al. Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;38:100837 (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific) (Implementing a digital comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategy for children and adolescents in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific).
-
牛羽宁, 何海龙, 金子兵, 等. A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia. Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(6):1171-1184 (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy ) (A Novel Grading System for Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy in Pathologic Myopia | Ophthalmology and Therapy ).