这个教程是按照hadoop2.6.0版本来整理的，2.x版本应该都适用，有什么问题欢迎留言。建议照着做的时候，各个软件版本尽量跟文档中一致，免得不必要的麻烦:
centos 6.5 64位版本
虚拟机：Virtualox4.3.3
jdk:java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 （无需下载直接用文档中的命令安装即可）
hadoop2.0.0
虚拟机中两台机器的网络都采用桥接模式
准备工作
- 安装两台centos，我的版本是6.5 64位，
- 两台机器分别为enilu1(master) enilu2(slave)
基础环境
更改主机名：
- enilu1
[root@enilu1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=enilu2 enilu2
[root@enilu2 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=enilu2
配置host
- enilu1
[root@enilu1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.137 enilu1
192.168.1.138 enilu2 enilu2
[root@enilu2 ~]# vi /etc/hosts 192.168.1.137 enilu1 192.168.1.138 enilu2测试，在两台机器上，分别输入 ping enilu1 和ping enilu2 通过即可
jdk
- 安装jdk，所有机器版本最好一致，
使用下列命令安装，centos自带的只是jre，所以必须安装jdk
yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64安装完成后，检测是否安装成功
[root@enilu1 hadoop]# java -version java version "1.7.0_91" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.2.2.el6_7-x86_64 u91-b00) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.91-b01, mixed mode)
网络配置
配置为静态ip,配置以下几项：
ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.137 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1enilu1
[root@enilu1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=08:00:27:A7:E1:E2 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=f67a8c22-4525-4c09-a28b-5b9ec9e088a4 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.137 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1enilu2
[root@enilu2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth1 HWADDR=08:00:27:c3:f5:01 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=f67a8c22-4525-4c09-a28b-5b9ec9e088a4 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.138 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
ssh免密码登录
- 要求在slave 机器上可以免密码登录master
在两台机器上都分别运行
ssh-keygen -t rsa默认在 ~/.ssh目录生成两个文件：
id_rsa ：私钥 id_rsa.pub ：公钥在两台机器上都执行下面命令：
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa >>authorized_keys在两台机器上分别把自己的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 拷贝到其他机器的/home/目录下
[root@enilu1 .ssh]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@enilu2:/home/ [root@enilu2 .ssh]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@enilu1:/home/分别把其他机器上拷贝过来的id_rsa.pub中的内容写入到authorized_keys文件中
[root@enilu1 .ssh]# cat /home/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys [root@enilu2 .ssh]# cat /home/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys配置enilu1 到enilu1的无密码登录，在enilu1 上执行下列命令
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys测试是否配置成功
enilu1 测试
##测试到enilu2
[root@enilu1 .ssh]# ssh enilu2
Last login: Sat Dec 26 22:44:27 2015 from 192.168.1.118
[root@enilu2 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to enilu2 closed.
## 测试到本机
[root@enilu1 hadoop]# ssh enilu1
Last login: Sun Dec 27 05:16:06 2015 from enilu1
[root@enilu1 ~]#在enilu2上测试到enilu1的登录（应该是不需要在enilu2上配置无密码登录到enilu1的）
[root@enilu2 .ssh]# ssh enilu1 Last login: Sat Dec 26 22:44:35 2015 from enilu2 [root@enilu1 ~]# exit logout Connection to enilu1 closed. [root@enilu2 .ssh]#
hadoop安装配置
下载安装
- 去http://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html 下载hadoop-2.6.0.tar 也可一点击下载
- 上传至 enilu1的/opt/目录下，并解压
- 解压后hadoop的目录为/opt/hadoop-2.6.0
- 创建若干必要的工作目录: ~/hadoop/tmp、~/dfs/data、~/dfs/name
配置
- 在enilu上配置好以后将/opt/hadoop-2.6.0 目录拷贝至enilu2机器上对应的目录即可。
配置文件目录在/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop ,需要配置的文件包括以下7个：
hadoop-env.sh yarn-env.sh slaves core-site.xml hdfs-site.xml mapred-site.xml yarn-site.xmlhadoop-env.sh 修改java home
# The java implementation to use. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/javayarn-env.sh 修改JAVA_HOME
# some Java parameters export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/javaslaves 文件，更改为：
slave机器名
enilu2
core-site.xml，配置为：
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://enilu1:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>io.file.buffer.size</name> <value>131072</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/tmp</value> <description>Abasefor other temporary directories.</description> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.proxyuser.spark.hosts</name> <value>*</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.proxyuser.spark.groups</name> <value>*</value> </property> </configuration>hdfs-site.xml 配置为：
<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name> <value>enilu1:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/dfs/name</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name> <value>file:/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/dfs/data</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>3</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name> <value>true</value> </property> </configuration>
-mapred-site.xml修改为：
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
<value>enilu1:10020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
<value>enilu1:19888</value>
</property>
</configuration>
yar-site.xml 修改为：
<configuration> <!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties --> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name> <value>enilu1:8032</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name> <value>enilu1:8030</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name> <value>enilu1:8035</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name> <value>enilu1:8033</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name> <value>enilu1:8088</value> </property> </configuration>配置好的hadoop拷贝到另外一台机器enilu2上：/opt/hadoop-2.6.0
启动hadoop
格式化文件系统，进入enilu1机器的/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/目录下执行命令：
./bin/hdfs namenode -format启动hdfs：
./sbin/start-dfs.sh启动yarn：
./sbin/start-yarn.sh启动完毕后，分别在enilu1和enilu2机器上执行jps命令，查看hadoop相关进程
[root@enilu1 hadoop]# jps 5527 ResourceManager 30007 Jps 5377 SecondaryNameNode 5201 NameNode [root@enilu1 hadoop]# [root@enilu2 hadoop]# jps 3826 NodeManager 27220 Jps 3728 DataNode [root@enilu2 hadoop]#
测试
命令行测试：
创建目录：./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir hellohadoop
[root@enilu2 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir hellohadoop 15/12/27 04:53:39 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable查看文件列表：./bin/hdfs dfs -ls
[root@enilu2 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs dfs -ls 15/12/27 04:53:48 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable Found 1 items drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2015-12-27 04:53 hellohadoop [root@enilu2 hadoop-2.6.0]#
web测试
- 如果上面命令行测试没有问题，说明hadoop集群安装配置已经大功告成。
hadoop也提供了web界面来查看管理hadoop，访问http://192.168.1.137:50070/ 如下所示
java程序中使用hadoop进行文件操作
- 如果你想测试java对hadoop的操作，可以来这里下载这个java项目 点击下载
- 下载后导入到eclipse中，将源代码导出为jar包。 也可以来这里直接下载jar包 点击下载
- 将导出的jar包（我这里导出jar包名字为：hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar)拷贝至enilu1机器上的/opt/hadoop-2.6.0/目录下
然后进入/opt/hadoop-2.6.0目录执行：
测试拷贝./bin/hadoop jar hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar copy，具体操作是将/etc/profile 文件上传到hadoop的/profile（具体可以看项目代码）
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hadoop jar hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar copy accept command:copy 15/12/27 04:23:13 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable [root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]#测试ls命令：./bin/hadoop jar hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar list
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hadoop jar hadoop-test-1.2.1.jar list accept command:list 15/12/27 05:09:03 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable group:supergroup owner:rootpath:hdfs://enilu1:9000/NOTICE.txt group:supergroup owner:rootpath:hdfs://enilu1:9000/user [root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]#
停止hadoop
## 停止yarn
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/stop-yarn.sh
stopping yarn daemons
stopping resourcemanager
enilu2: stopping nodemanager
enilu2: nodemanager did not stop gracefully after 5 seconds: killing with kill -9
no proxyserver to stop
## 停止hdfs
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/stop-dfs.sh
15/12/27 05:32:30 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Stopping namenodes on [enilu1]
enilu1: stopping namenode
enilu2: stopping datanode
Stopping secondary namenodes [enilu1]
enilu1: stopping secondarynamenode
15/12/27 05:32:53 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
## jps命令查看所有hadoop进程没有了
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]# jps
30743 Jps
[root@enilu1 hadoop-2.6.0]#
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