Scipy练习

Exercise 10.1: Least squares
Generate matrix A ∈ R m×n with m > n. Also generate some vector b ∈ R m .

Now find 

Print the norm of the residual.

代码：

import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import leastsq

m = 30
n = 20
A = np.random.rand(m, n)
b = np.random.rand(m, 1)
x = np.random.rand(n, 1)

def residuals(x, A, b):
    return np.ravel(A.dot(x) - b)

res = leastsq(residuals, x, (A, b))
norm = np.linalg.norm(residuals(res[0], A, b))
print(res[0])
print(norm) 

输出：

[ 0.26741717 -0.00122432  0.11224357 -0.01251559  0.01099381  0.09011149
  0.18331027  0.22826289 -0.0110512  -0.05081341 -0.07351126  0.07074645
 -0.03653636  0.02772971  0.02575132  0.02336123  0.06607123 -0.06637247
 -0.03575784  0.11335802]
8.760444288588074

Exercise 10.2: Optimization

Find the maximum of the function

代码：

from scipy.optimize import minimize_scalar
import numpy as np

def f(x):
    return -np.sin(x-2)**2 * np.exp(-x**2)

res = minimize_scalar(f)
print(res)

输出：

     fun: -0.9116854118471548
    nfev: 25
     nit: 21
 success: True
       x: 0.21624132858697098

Exercise 10.3: Pairwise distances
Let X be a matrix with n rows and m columns. How can you compute the pairwise distances between
every two rows?
As an example application, consider n cities, and we are given their coordinates in two columns. Now
we want a nice table that tells us for each two cities, how far they are apart.

Again, make sure you make use of Scipy’s functionality instead of writing your own routine.

代码：

from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist, squareform
import numpy as np

n = 10
d = np.random.rand(n, 2)

am = squareform(pdist(d))
print(am)

输出：

[[0.         0.59375672 0.34885387 0.49934648 0.18621826 0.41217687 0.42730273 0.48378327 0.63717365 0.60566626]
 [0.59375672 0.         0.41679726 0.5172814  0.77642933 0.36466576 0.26385413 0.689037   0.9816709  0.86817596]
 [0.34885387 0.41679726 0.         0.17464231 0.51781333 0.49546908 0.15560288 0.28320269 0.95375586 0.89089568]
 [0.49934648 0.5172814  0.17464231 0.         0.64835019 0.66371232 0.2663659  0.19738647 1.12182254 1.06370784]
 [0.18621826 0.77642933 0.51781333 0.64835019 0.         0.55047218 0.61129382 0.58493965 0.57203568 0.58393739]
 [0.41217687 0.36466576 0.49546908 0.66371232 0.55047218 0.         0.4245734  0.76099903 0.61882513 0.50359959]
 [0.42730273 0.26385413 0.15560288 0.2663659  0.61129382 0.4245734  0.         0.42593457 0.96571265 0.88195774]
 [0.48378327 0.689037   0.28320269 0.19738647 0.58493965 0.76099903 0.42593457 0.         1.12010628 1.08650083]
 [0.63717365 0.9816709  0.95375586 1.12182254 0.57203568 0.61882513 0.96571265 1.12010628 0.         0.1440625 ]
 [0.60566626 0.86817596 0.89089568 1.06370784 0.58393739 0.50359959 0.88195774 1.08650083 0.1440625  0.        ]]