ListView定制化使用、Fragment碎片使用

1.ListView定制化使用 -重写适配器、自定义列表项布局

（1)定义一个类 封装每个列表项数据

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }

    public void setImageId(int imageId) {
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
}

2.自定义列表项的布局文件 fruit_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dip" />

</LinearLayout>

3.主界面-ListView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/lv1"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

4.定义适配器：FruitAdapter，这个适配器继承自 ArrayAdapter。重写构造方法和 getView 方法。

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {
    private final int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId=resource;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = (Fruit) getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);//实例化一个对象
        //实现数据跟控件一一对应
        ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);//获取该布局内的图片视图
        TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);//获取该布局内的文本视图
        
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());//为图片视图设置图片资源
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());//为文本视图设置文本内容
        return view;

    }
}

5.将数据源适配到控件上

1.创建主界面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="Button1" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="Button2" />
</LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
    </LinearLayout>  
</LinearLayout>

2.创建碎片Fragmet New -Fragment

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;


/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link Fragment1#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1, container, false);
    }
}

3.实现将碎片Fragment添加到Activity

manager=getFragmentManager();//1.创建碎片管理器
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();//2.启动事务管理
//指定fragment的id的布局  然后给他添加控件  fragment2.class也一样  这是第一次加载  所以下面是transaction.add（）的方法
transaction.add(R.id.layout,new Fragment1());//3.事务中实现将碎片添加到Activity
transaction.commit();//4提交事务。

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    //private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
    Button bt1;
    Button bt2;
    private FragmentManager manager;
    private FragmentTransaction transaction;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.mainlayout);
        bt1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
        bt2=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
        bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
        bt2.setOnClickListener(this);
        manager=getFragmentManager();
        transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
        //指定fragment的id的布局  然后给他添加控件  fragment2.class也一样  这是第一次加载  所以下面是transaction.add（）的方法
        transaction.add(R.id.layout,new Fragment1());
        transaction.commit();

        /*setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);*/
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.button1:
                //在这里是从新加载  所以就要用到transaction.replace（）的了
                transaction.replace(R.id.layout,new Fragment1());
                break;
            case R.id.button2:
                transaction.replace(R.id.layout,new Fragment2());
                break;

        }
        transaction.commit();

    }



    /*private void initFruits() {
        Fruit apple = new Fruit ("APPLE",R.mipmap.ic_launcher,20);
        fruitList.add(apple);
        Fruit banana = new Fruit("BBB",R.mipmap.ic_launcher,20);
        fruitList.add(banana);

    }*/


}