swift extension【输入下标获得下标的数字】

扩展为现有的类，结构体，枚举类型，或协议添加了新功能，这也包括了为无访问权限源代码类扩展的能力，（即所谓的逆向建模）

扩展和Obective-C中的category类似，（与oc的分类不同的是，swift的扩展没有名字。）

extension的能力。

添加计算实例属性和计算类型属性，

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
extension Double {
    var km:Double {
        return self*1_000.0
    }
    var m: Double{return self}
    var nm:Double {return self/100.0}
    var ft:Double{return self/2.28084}
}
let oneInch = 25.4.m
print("One inch is \(oneInch) meters")
let threeFeet = 3.ft
print("Three feet is \(threeFeet) meters")

One inch is 25.4 meters
Three feet is 1.3153048876729625 meters

 

定义实例方法和类型方法

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
extension Int{
    func repetitions(task:()->Void){
        for _ in 0..<self{
            task()
        }
    }
}
3.repetitions {
    print("嘿嘿")
}

嘿嘿
嘿嘿
嘿嘿

 

提供新初始化器。

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
struct Size{
    var width = 0.0,height = 0.0
}
struct Point {
    var x = 0.0,y=0.0
}
struct Rect {
    var origin = Point()
    var size = Size()
}
extension Rect{
    init(center:Point,size:Size){
        let originX = center.x-(size.width/2)
        let originY = center.y-(size.height/2)
        self.init(origin:Point(x: originX, y: originY),size:size)
    }
}
let centerRect = Rect(center: Point(x: 4.0, y: 4.0), size: Size(width: 3.0, height: 3.0))

定义下标

 输入下标返回下标位数的数字

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
extension Int{
    subscript(digitIndex:Int)->Int{
    
        var decimalBase = 1
        for _ in 0 ..< digitIndex{
            decimalBase *= 10
        }
        return (self/decimalBase) % 10
    }
}


12312414[0]
12312414[1]
12312414[2]

 

定义和使用新内嵌类型

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
extension Int{
    enum Kind {
        case negative,zero,positive
    }
    var kind:Kind{
        switch self {
        case 0:
            return.zero
        case let x where x > 0:
            return .positive
        default:
            return .negative
        }
    }}

使用现有的类型遵循某协议，

扩展可以向一个类型添加新的方法，但是不能重写已有的方法

mutating方法

扩展的实例方法仍可以修改或异变实例本身，结构体和枚举类型方法在修改self或本身的属性时必须标记实例方法为mutating，和原本实现一样

//: A UIKit based Playground for presenting user interface

import UIKit
extension Int{
    mutating func square(){
        self = self * self
    }
}

var someInt = 3
someInt.square()