数据结构的C实现_二叉树的非递归遍历和层序遍历

//编译环境G++
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

//TreeNode///
typedef struct _TreeNode
{
    char key;
    struct _TreeNode *Lc;
    struct _TreeNode *Rc;
}TreeNode;


stack//
//Record作为栈结点的一个域,存储树结点的访问信息
typedef struct _StackRecord
{
    bool leftvisit;
    bool rightvisit;
    bool currentvisit;
    TreeNode *treenode;
}StackRecord;

//初始化Record
void InitStackRecord(StackRecord &s_record)
{
    s_record.leftvisit=false;
    s_record.rightvisit=false;
    s_record.currentvisit=false;
    s_record.treenode=NULL;
}

//栈结点
typedef struct _StackNode
{
    StackRecord record;
    struct _StackNode *next;
}StackNode;

//栈
typedef struct _Stack
{
    StackNode *top;
}Stack;

void InitStack(Stack &s)
{
    s.top=NULL;
}

bool isemptyS(Stack &s)
{
    if(s.top==NULL)
    return 1;
    return 0;
}

void Push(Stack &s,StackRecord e)
{
    StackNode *node=(StackNode*)malloc(sizeof(StackNode));
    node->record=e;
    node->next=NULL;
    node->next=s.top;
    s.top=node;
}

bool Pop(Stack &s,StackRecord &e)
{
    if(isemptyS(s)) return false;
    else
    {
        StackNode *node=s.top;
        e=node->record;
        s.top=node->next;
        free(node);
        return true;
    }
}

void DestroyStack(Stack &s)
{
    StackRecord temp;InitStackRecord(temp);
    while(Pop(s,temp)){}
}
///

Queue//
//队列结点
typedef struct _QNode
{
    TreeNode *treenode;
    struct _QNode *next;
}QNode;

//队列
typedef struct _Queue
{
    QNode *front;
    QNode *rear;
}Queue;

void InitQueue(Queue &Q)
{
    Q.front=NULL;
    Q.rear=NULL;
}

bool isemptyQ(Queue &Q)
{
    if(Q.front==NULL)
    return 1;
    return 0;
}
void EnQueue(Queue &Q,TreeNode *_treenode)
{
    //printf("EnQueue: %c\n",_treenode->key);
    QNode *s=(QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
    s->treenode=_treenode;
    s->next=NULL;
    if(isemptyQ(Q))
    {
        Q.front=s;
        Q.rear=s;
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        Q.rear->next=s;
        Q.rear=s;
    }
}

bool DeQueue(Queue &Q,TreeNode *&treenode)
{
    if(isemptyQ(Q))
    return false;
    else
    {
        QNode *node=Q.front;
        treenode=node->treenode;
        Q.front=node->next;
        if(Q.front==NULL)
        {
            Q.rear=NULL;
        }
        free(node);
    }
    return true;
}

void DestroyQueue(Queue &Q)
{
    TreeNode *temp;
    while(DeQueue(Q,temp)){}
}
/
//非递归先序遍历
void NRPreOrderTravserse(TreeNode *T)
{
    Stack stack;
    InitStack(stack);
    if(T!=NULL)
    {
        StackRecord record;
        InitStackRecord(record);
        record.treenode=T;
        Push(stack,record);
        while(!isemptyS(stack))
        {
            Pop(stack,record);
            //check current
            if(!record.currentvisit)
            {
                printf("%c ",record.treenode->key);
                record.currentvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                continue;
            }

            //check left
            if(!record.leftvisit)
            {
                record.leftvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Lc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord leftrecord;
                InitStackRecord(leftrecord);
                leftrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Lc;
                Push(stack,leftrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }
            //check right
            if(!record.rightvisit)
            {
                record.rightvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Rc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord rightrecord;
                InitStackRecord(rightrecord);
                rightrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Rc;
                Push(stack,rightrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    DestroyStack(stack);
}

//非递归中序遍历
void NRInOrderTravserse(TreeNode *T)
{
    Stack stack;
    InitStack(stack);
    if(T!=NULL)
    {
        StackRecord record;
        InitStackRecord(record);
        record.treenode=T;
        Push(stack,record);
        while(!isemptyS(stack))
        {
            Pop(stack,record);
            //check left
            if(!record.leftvisit)
            {
                record.leftvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Lc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord leftrecord;
                InitStackRecord(leftrecord);
                leftrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Lc;
                Push(stack,leftrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }
            //check current
            if(!record.currentvisit)
            {
                printf("%c ",record.treenode->key);
                record.currentvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                continue;
            }
            //check right
            if(!record.rightvisit)
            {
                record.rightvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Rc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord rightrecord;
                InitStackRecord(rightrecord);
                rightrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Rc;
                Push(stack,rightrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    DestroyStack(stack);
}

//非递归后序遍历
void NRPostOrderTravserse(TreeNode *T)
{
    Stack stack;
    InitStack(stack);
    if(T!=NULL)
    {
        StackRecord record;
        InitStackRecord(record);
        record.treenode=T;
        Push(stack,record);
        while(!isemptyS(stack))
        {
            Pop(stack,record);
            //check left
            if(!record.leftvisit)
            {
                record.leftvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Lc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord leftrecord;
                InitStackRecord(leftrecord);
                leftrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Lc;
                Push(stack,leftrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }

            //check right
            if(!record.rightvisit)
            {
                record.rightvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                if(record.treenode->Rc!=NULL)
                {
                StackRecord rightrecord;
                InitStackRecord(rightrecord);
                rightrecord.treenode=record.treenode->Rc;
                Push(stack,rightrecord);
                }
                continue;
            }

            //check current
            if(!record.currentvisit)
            {
                printf("%c ",record.treenode->key);
                record.currentvisit=true;
                Push(stack,record);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    DestroyStack(stack);
}

//层序遍历,利用队列
void LevelTravserse(TreeNode *T)
{
    Queue Q;
    InitQueue(Q);
    //EnQueue(Q,T);
    if(T!=NULL)
    {
        EnQueue(Q,T);
        while(!isemptyQ(Q))
        {
            TreeNode *currentTreeNode;
            DeQueue(Q,currentTreeNode);

            if(currentTreeNode->Lc!=NULL)
            {
                EnQueue(Q,currentTreeNode->Lc);
            }
            if(currentTreeNode->Rc!=NULL)
            {
                EnQueue(Q,currentTreeNode->Rc);
            }
            printf("%c ",currentTreeNode->key);
        }
    }
    DestroyQueue(Q);
}

int main()
{
    TreeNode *tree,*p;
    p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
    p->key='A';p->Lc=NULL;p->Rc=NULL;
    tree=p;

    p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	p->key='B';
	tree->Lc=p;

	p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	p->key='C';
	p->Lc=NULL;
	p->Rc=NULL;
	tree->Lc->Lc=p;

	p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	p->key='D';
	p->Lc=NULL;
	p->Rc=NULL;
	tree->Lc->Rc=p;

	p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	p->key='E';
	p->Lc=NULL;
	tree->Rc=p;

	p=(TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
	p->key='F';
	p->Lc=NULL;
	p->Rc=NULL;
	tree->Rc->Rc=p;

	NRPreOrderTravserse(tree);printf("\n");
	NRInOrderTravserse(tree);printf("\n");
	NRPostOrderTravserse(tree);printf("\n");
	LevelTravserse(tree);

  return 0;
}


在C语言中,非递归实现二叉树层序遍历(也称为广度优先遍历)通常使用队列数据结构。以下是一个简单的步骤描述和示例代码: 1. 定义一个结构体来表示二叉树节点,包含值和左右子节点指针。 ```c typedef struct TreeNode { int val; struct TreeNode* left; struct TreeNode* right; } TreeNode; ``` 2. 创建一个队列,并初始化根节点(如果存在)。 3. 将根节点(如果有的话)加入队列。 4. 当队列不为空时,执行以下操作: a. 弹出队首元素作为当前节点。 b. 访问当前节点(打印值或其他操作)。 c. 将当前节点的左子节点(如果存在)加入队列。 d. 将当前节点的右子节点(如果存在)加入队列。 5. 重复步骤4直到队列为空。 下面是对应的C语言代码示例: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <queue> void levelOrderTraversal(TreeNode* root) { if (root == NULL) return; // 如果根节点为空,直接返回 queue<TreeNode*> q; q.push(root); // 先将根节点入队 while (!q.empty()) { TreeNode* node = q.front(); q.pop(); // 弹出队首节点 printf("%d ", node->val); // 访问节点值 if (node->left != NULL) q.push(node->left); if (node->right != NULL) q.push(node->right); } } // 示例用法 int main() { // 构建一个简单的二叉树 TreeNode* root = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->val = 1; root->left = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->left->val = 2; root->right = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->right->val = 3; root->left->left = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->left->left->val = 4; root->left->right = (TreeNode*)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->left->right->val = 5; levelOrderTraversal(root); printf("\n"); return 0; } ```
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值