(Android四大组件)---Service

Service

概念

service是一种Android四大组件之一,可以在后台长时间运行

不需要有与用户交互的页面, 只需要在后台运行着做一些事物的处理, 这是后就需要service了.

即使用户跳转至另外一个应用后,Service仍旧在后台运行.

任意应用组件都可以绑定服务,甚至可以完成进程间通讯的任务.

比如说 socket http的网络通信 与服务器保持的推送的链接, 需要下载时, 播放音乐时, 文件 I/O.

Service的 启动方式:

Service可以通过两种方式来调用,

(1). start一旦某个组件start一个Service后,Service开始独立运行,不在与原来的组件产生任何关系.

(2). bind 某个组件bind一个Service后,Service为组件提供一个接口,类似于客户端,会进行互相的交互.

1. 创建Service

new -> Service -> Service

2. 启动和关闭Service

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity. this, MyService. class ) ;

startService ( intent ) ;

stopService ( intent ) ;

/**

* 每次startService启动会调用此方法

* */

@Override

public int onStartCommand (Intent intent , int flags , int startId) {

return super .onStartCommand(intent , flags , startId) ;

}

3. 绑定和解绑Service

bindService( intent , this, Context. BIND_AUTO_CREATE ) ;

unbindService ( this ) ;

@Override

public void onServiceConnected (ComponentName name , IBinder service) {

System. out .println( "Service Connected" ) ;

}

@Override

public void onServiceDisconnected (ComponentName name) {

System. out .println( "Service Disconnected" ) ;

}

4. 应用关掉之后还可以运行,在Service中重写这个函数

@Override

public int onStartCommand (Intent intent , int flags , int startId) {

new Thread(){

@Override

public void run () {

super .run() ;

while ( true ) {

System. out .println( "服务正在运行..." ) ;

try {

sleep ( 1000 ) ;

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace() ;

}

}

}

}.start() ;

return super .onStartCommand(intent , flags , startId) ;

}

Service生命周期

onCreate () //创建

onDestroy () //销毁

Service通信

1. Activity传递给Service数据

//方式一: intent传值

//传给Service数据

intent .putExtra( "data" , etData .getText().toString()) ;

startService( intent ) ;

//service接收(拿到)传过来的数据

@Override

public int onStartCommand (Intent intent , int flags , int startId) {

//拿到数据

data = intent.getStringExtra( "data" ) ;

return super .onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

}

//Binder传值和接口传值

1.在MyService.java中

public class MyService extends Service {

private boolean running = false;

private String data = "这是默认信息" ;

public MyService () {

}

@Override

public IBinder onBind (Intent intent) {

return new Binder() ;

}

public class Binder extends android.os.Binder{

public void setData (String data){

MyService. this . data = data ;

}

public MyService getService (){

return MyService. this;

}

}

@Override

public int onStartCommand (Intent intent , int flags , int startId) {

//拿到数据

data = intent.getStringExtra( "data" ) ;

return super .onStartCommand(intent , flags , startId) ;

}

@Override

public void onCreate () {

super .onCreate() ;

running = true;

new Thread(){

@Override

public void run () {

super .run() ;

int i = 0 ;

while ( running ){

i++ ;

String str = data + " : " +i ;

System. out .println(str) ;

if ( callback != null ){

callback .onDataChange(str) ;

}

try {

sleep ( 1000 ) ;

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace() ;

}

}

}

}.start() ;

}

@Override

public void onDestroy () {

super .onDestroy() ;

running = false;

}

private Callback callback = null;

public void setCallback (Callback callback) {

this . callback = callback ;

}

public Callback getCallback () {

return callback ;

}

//声明接口

public static interface Callback{

void onDataChange (String data) ;

}

}

2. MainActivity.java中

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener , ServiceConnection {

private EditText etData ;

private Intent intent ;

private MyService.Binder binder = null;

private TextView tvOut ;

@Override

protected void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState) ;

setContentView(R.layout. activity_main ) ;

etData = (EditText) findViewById(R.id. etData ) ;

intent = new Intent( this, MyService. class ) ;

tvOut = (TextView) findViewById(R.id. tvOut ) ;

findViewById(R.id. btnStartService ).setOnClickListener( this ) ;

findViewById(R.id. btnStopService ).setOnClickListener( this ) ;

findViewById(R.id. btnBindService ).setOnClickListener( this ) ;

findViewById(R.id. btnUnbindService ).setOnClickListener( this ) ;

findViewById(R.id. btnSyncData ).setOnClickListener( this ) ;

}

@Override

public void onClick (View v) {

switch (v.getId()){

case R.id. btnStartService :

//传给Service数据

intent .putExtra( "data" , etData .getText().toString()) ;

startService( intent ) ;

break;

case R.id. btnStopService :

stopService( intent ) ;

break;

case R.id. btnBindService :

bindService( intent ,this, Context. BIND_AUTO_CREATE ) ;

break;

case R.id. btnUnbindService :

unbindService( this ) ;

break;

case R.id. btnSyncData :

if ( binder != null ){

binder .setData( etData .getText().toString()) ;

}

break;

}

}

@Override

public void onServiceConnected (ComponentName name , IBinder service) {

binder = (MyService.Binder) service ;

//实现接口方法

binder .getService().setCallback( new MyService.Callback() {

@Override

public void onDataChange (String data) {

Message msg = new Message() ;

Bundle b = new Bundle() ;

b.putString( "data" , data) ;

msg.setData(b) ;

//句柄发送消息

handler .sendMessage(msg) ;

}

}) ;

}

@Override

public void onServiceDisconnected (ComponentName name) {

}

//主线程更新UI

private Handler handler = new Handler(){

@Override

public void handleMessage (Message msg) {

super .handleMessage(msg) ;

String text = msg.getData().getString( "data" ) ;

tvOut .setText(text) ;

}

} ;

}

系统服务,

由于是Android原生代码,可以通过Android代码来对服务进行交互

Android将BInder封装成普通的Manager类,代码调用时无法察觉是使用了Service

这些服务通过Context.getSystemService(String name)来获得

name决定了获得不同的Manager类, 不同的Manager类有各自的方法来调用系统功能或是访问系统状态

POWER_SEREVICE ("power") PowerManager 电源管理

NOTIFICATION_SERVICE ("notification) NotificationManager通知的管理

LOCATION_SERVICE ("location") LocationManager 定位的控制

CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE ("connection") ConnectifyManager网络连接的管理