取出string里的一部分
string string::substr(index,length);
string s = "hello world!";
string str = s.substr(6,5);
cout<<str<<endl;
//str = "world"
将string转化成int
int atoi(string.c_str());
string s = "123";
int a = atoi(s.c_str());
cout<<a<<endl;
// a = 123
string ss = "01234";
itn b = atoi(ss.c_str());
cout<<b<<endl;
// b = 1234