JMS
JMS即Java消息服务(Java Message Service)是一套规范,用于在分布式系统中发送消息。
体系架构
系统一般包含下列的元素:
- JMS提供者provider:连接面向消息中间件的,JMS接口的一个实现。提供者可以是Java平台的JMS实现,也可以是非Java平台的面向消息中间件的适配器。
- JMS客户:生产或消费基于消息的Java的应用程序或对象。生产者+消费者
- JMS生产者:创建并发送消息的JMS客户。
- JMS消费者:接收消息的JMS客户。
- JMS消息:包括可以在JMS客户之间传递的数据的对象
- JMS队列:一个容纳那些被发送的等待阅读的消息的区域。与队列名字所暗示的意思不同,消息的接受顺序并不一定要与消息的发送顺序相同。一旦一个消息被阅读,该消息将被从队列中移走。
- JMS主题:一种支持发送消息给多个订阅者的机制。
JMS应用程序的两种消息模型
- 点对点或队列模型
在点对点或队列模型下,一个生产者向一个特定的队列发布消息,一个消费者从该队列中读取消息。这里,生产者知道消费者的队列,并直接将消息发送到消费者的队列。
这种模式被概括为:
只有一个消费者将获得消息
生产者不需要在接收者消费该消息期间处于运行状态,接收者也同样不需要在消息发送时处于运行状态。
每一个成功处理的消息都由接收者签收
- 订阅/发布模型
发布者/订阅者模型支持向一个特定的消息主题发布消息。0或多个订阅者可能对接收来自特定消息主题的消息感兴趣。在这种模型下,发布者和订阅者彼此不知道对方。这种模式好比是匿名公告板。
这种模式被概括为:
- 多个消费者可以获得消息
- 在发布者和订阅者之间存在时间依赖性。发布者需要建立一个订阅(subscription),以便客户能够订阅。订阅者必须保持持续的活动状态以接收消息,除非订阅者建立了持久的订阅。在那种情况下,在订阅者未连接时发布的消息将在订阅者重新连接时重新发布。
常用的JMS实现
开源的提供者:
- Apache ActiveMQ
- JBoss 社区所研发的 HornetQ
- Joram
- Coridan的MantaRay
- The OpenJMS Group的OpenJMS
专有的提供者包括:
- BEA的BEA WebLogic Server JMS
- TIBCO Software的EMS
- GigaSpaces Technologies的GigaSpaces
- Softwired 2006的iBus
- IONA Technologies的IONA JMS
- SeeBeyond的IQManager(2005年8月被Sun Microsystems并购)
- webMethods的JMS+ -
- my-channels的Nirvana
- Sonic Software的SonicMQ
- SwiftMQ的SwiftMQ
- IBM的WebSphere MQ
ActiveMQ的使用
下载ActiveMQ
http://archive.apache.org/dist/activemq/5.14.3/apache-activemq-5.14.3-bin.zip
解压后启动ActiveMQ服务器,使用下面的命令:
bin/activemq.bat start
登录Web管理界面
用户名:admin 密码:admin
Java代码(Topic)
ProducerTool.java
package com.mrbcy.bigdata.basic.mq.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class ProducerTool {
private String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
private String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
private String url = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
private String subject = "mytopic";
private Destination destination = null;
private Connection connection = null;
private Session session = null;
private MessageProducer producer = null;
// 初始化
private void initialize() throws JMSException, Exception {
ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
user, password, url);
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
destination = session.createTopic(subject);
producer = session.createProducer(destination);
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
}
// 发送消息
public void produceMessage(String message) throws JMSException, Exception {
initialize();
TextMessage msg = session.createTextMessage(message);
connection.start();
System.out.println("Producer:->Sending message: " + message);
producer.send(msg);
System.out.println("Producer:->Message sent complete!");
}
// 关闭连接
public void close() throws JMSException {
System.out.println("Producer:->Closing connection");
if (producer != null)
producer.close();
if (session != null)
session.close();
if (connection != null)
connection.close();
}
}
ConsumerTool.java
package com.mrbcy.bigdata.basic.mq.topic;
import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.ExceptionListener;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
public class ConsumerTool implements MessageListener,ExceptionListener {
private String user = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
private String password = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
private String url =ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
private String subject = "mytopic";
private Destination destination = null;
private Connection connection = null;
private Session session = null;
private MessageConsumer consumer = null;
public static Boolean isconnection=false;
// 初始化
private void initialize() throws JMSException, Exception {
ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
user, password, url);
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
destination = session.createTopic(subject);
consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
}
// 消费消息
public void consumeMessage() throws JMSException, Exception {
initialize();
connection.start();
consumer.setMessageListener(this);
connection.setExceptionListener(this);
isconnection=true;
System.out.println("Consumer:->Begin listening...");
// 开始监听
// Message message = consumer.receive();
}
// 关闭连接
public void close() throws JMSException {
System.out.println("Consumer:->Closing connection");
if (consumer != null)
consumer.close();
if (session != null)
session.close();
if (connection != null)
connection.close();
}
// 消息处理函数
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
if (message instanceof TextMessage) {
TextMessage txtMsg = (TextMessage) message;
String msg = txtMsg.getText();
System.out.println("Consumer:->Received: " + msg);
} else {
System.out.println("Consumer:->Received: " + message);
}
} catch (JMSException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void onException(JMSException arg0) {
isconnection=false;
}
}
ProducerTest.java
package com.mrbcy.bigdata.basic.mq.topic;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
public class ProducerTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws JMSException, Exception {
ProducerTool producer = new ProducerTool();
Random random = new Random();
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10)*1000);
producer.produceMessage("Hello, world!--"+i);
producer.close();
}
}
}
ConsumerTest.java
package com.mrbcy.bigdata.basic.mq.topic;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
public class ConsumerTest implements Runnable {
static Thread t1 = null;
/**
* @param args
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws JMSException
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
t1 = new Thread(new ConsumerTest());
t1.setDaemon(false);
t1.start();
/**
* 如果发生异常,则重启consumer
*/
/*while (true) {
System.out.println(t1.isAlive());
if (!t1.isAlive()) {
t1 = new Thread(new ConsumerTest());
t1.start();
System.out.println("重新启动");
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
}*/
// 延时500毫秒之后停止接受消息
// Thread.sleep(500);
// consumer.close();
}
public void run() {
try {
ConsumerTool consumer = new ConsumerTool();
consumer.consumeMessage();
while (ConsumerTool.isconnection) {
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}