问题描述
问题链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/sum-of-two-integers/#/description
Calculate the sum of two integers a and b, but you are not allowed to use the operator + and -。
Example:
Given a = 1 and b = 2, return 3.
我的代码
public class Solution {
public int getSum(int a, int b) {
/*
没啥思路,从讨论区抄的。来个例子。
3 + 5
0011 0101
3 ^ 5 = 0110 = 6
(3 & 5) << 1 = 0001 << 1 = 0010 = 2
6 ^ 2 = 0110 ^ 0010 = 0100 = 4
(6 & 2) << 1 = 0010 << 1 = 0100 = 4
4 ^ 4 = 0
(4 & 4) << 1 = 0100 << 1 = 1000 = 8
0 ^ 8 = 1000 = 8
(1 & 8) << 1 = 0
*/
return b == 0 ? a : getSum(a ^ b,(a & b) << 1);
}
}
讨论区
Java simple easy understand solution with explanation
链接地址:https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/49771/java-simple-easy-understand-solution-with-explanation
位操作讲得很到位。
I have been confused about bit manipulation for a very long time. So I decide to do a summary about it here.
“&” AND operation, for example, 2 (0010) & 7 (0111) => 2 (0010)
“^” XOR operation, for example, 2 (0010) ^ 7 (0111) => 5 (0101)
“~” NOT operation, for example, ~2(0010) => -3 (1101) what??? Don’t get frustrated here. It’s called two’s complement.
1111 is -1, in two’s complement
1110 is -2, which is ~2 + 1, ~0010 => 1101, 1101 + 1 = 1110 => 2
1101 is -3, which is ~3 + 1
so if you want to get a negative number, you can simply do ~x + 1
Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement
https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~tomf/notes/cps104/twoscomp.html
For this, problem, for example, we have a = 1, b = 3,
In bit representation, a = 0001, b = 0011,
First, we can use “and”(“&”) operation between a and b to find a carry.
carry = a & b, then carry = 0001
Second, we can use “xor” (“^”) operation between a and b to find the different bit, and assign it to a,
Then, we shift carry one position left and assign it to b, b = 0010.
Iterate until there is no carry (or b == 0)
// Iterative
public int getSum(int a, int b) {
if (a == 0) return b;
if (b == 0) return a;
while (b != 0) {
int carry = a & b;
a = a ^ b;
b = carry << 1;
}
return a;
}
// Iterative
public int getSubtract(int a, int b) {
while (b != 0) {
int borrow = (~a) & b;
a = a ^ b;
b = borrow << 1;
}
return a;
}
// Recursive
public int getSum(int a, int b) {
return (b == 0) ? a : getSum(a ^ b, (a & b) << 1);
}
// Recursive
public int getSubtract(int a, int b) {
return (b == 0) ? a : getSubtract(a ^ b, (~a & b) << 1);
}
// Get negative number
public int negate(int x) {
return ~x + 1;
}