一面向对象编程的特性
1 封装性;
2 抽象性;
3 继承性;
4 多态性;
二javaScript实现数据的封装
说明:javaScrpt利用局部变量的特性来实现数据的封装(成员的私有化)
深入理解全局变量和局部变量的区别可参考:http://blog.csdn.net/zyz511919766/article/details/7276089
function Person (){
//定义私有变量
var name ="";
var age =0;
this.getName = function(){
return this.name;//必须添加this,返回的才上成员变量
}
this.getAge = function(){
return this.age;
}
this.setName = function(name){
this.name = name;
}
this.setAge = function(age){
this.age = age;
}
}
var person = new Person();
person.setName("lin");
person.setAge(26);
document.write("name:"+person.getName()+",age:"+person.getAge());
三javaScript实现继承
1利用原型对象实现继承
说明:每个函数对象都具有prototype属性,该属性保存当前函数对象的原型对象的引用。函数对象的所以属性 和方法
都继承这个原型对象。
function Person(name,sex){
this.name =name;
this.sex =sex;
}
Person.prototype.sayHello =function(){
document.write("hello,everybody,"+this.name+"<br>");
}
function Student(){
}
/*
extends Person,获得父类所有的属性和方法,其方法共享一个副本,因为方法是其原型的。
*/
Student.prototype = new Person("jjlin","man");
var student = new Student();
Student.prototype.grade ="three";
Student.prototype.introduce = function(){
document.write("i am "+this.grade+"的学生!");
}
student.sayHello();
student.introduce();
2利用构造函数实现继承
function ClassB(name){
this.name = name;
}
ClassB.prototype.sayHello = function(){
document.write("hello,my name is"+this.name+"<br>");
}
function ClassA(name,age){
this.extendsMethod= ClassB;//将ClassB作为ClassA的方法
this.extendsMethod(name);//调用父类的方法,即构造函数
delete this.extendsMethod;
this.age = age;
}
ClassA.prototype.sayHello = function(){
document.write("hello,my name is"+this.name+",age:"+this.age+"<br>");
}
var classB = new ClassB("jjlin");
classB.sayHello();
var classA = new ClassA("lin","26");
classA.sayHello();
3使用call()和apply()方法实现继承
function Animal(color,age){
this.color =color;
this.age = age;
this.cry = function(){
document.write("Animal-->color:"+this.color+",age:"+this.age+"<br>");
}
}
function Dog(color,age){
//使用call()方法,将Animal函数绑定到Dog实例上执行
Animal.call(this,color,age);
}
function Cat(color,age){
Animal.apply(this,[color,age]);
}
var animal = new Animal("yellow",5);
animal.cry();
var dog = new Dog("black",4);
dog.cry();
var cat = new Cat("white",5);
cat.cry();
4使用混合方式(构造函数定义属性,采用原型定义方法,apply,call方法,实现继承)
function Parent(hello){
this.hello = hello;
}
Parent.prototype.sayHello = function(){
document.write("sayHello----->"+this.hello+"<br>");
}
function Child(hello,world){
Parent.call(this,hello);//继承父类的构造函数
this.world = world;
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();//实现方法的继承
Child.prototype.sayWorld = function(){
document.write("sayWorld--->"+this.world+"<br>");
}
var child = new Child("hello","world");
child.sayHello();
child.sayWorld();