单例模式的几种种实现方式
1,饿汉式:线程安全,但是不能延时加载)
public class ImageLoader{
private static ImageLoader instance = new ImageLoader;
private ImageLoader(){}
public static ImageLoader getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
类加载的时候创建单例对象。
程序从头到位都没用使用这个单例的话,单例的对象还是会创建这就造成了不必要的资源浪费。
2,懒汉式:线程安全,调用效率不高,但是能延时加载)
public class SingletonDemo2 {
//类初始化时,不初始化这个对象(延时加载,真正用的时候再创建)
private static SingletonDemo2 instance;
//构造器私有化
private SingletonDemo2(){}
//方法同步,调用效率低
public static synchronized SingletonDemo2 getInstance(){
if(instance==null){
instance=new SingletonDemo2();
}
return instance;
}
}
3,双重检查锁(由于JVM底层模型原因,偶尔会出问题,不建议使用,JDK5 以后增加了volatile关键字)
public class SingletonDemo5 {
private volatile static SingletonDemo5 SingletonDemo5;
private SingletonDemo5() {
}
public static SingletonDemo5 newInstance() {
if (SingletonDemo5 == null) {
synchronized (SingletonDemo5.class) {
if (SingletonDemo5 == null) {
SingletonDemo5 = new SingletonDemo5();
}
}
}
return SingletonDemo5;
}
}
4,静态内部类实现模式:线程安全,调用效率高,可以延时加载
public class SingletonDemo3 {
private static class SingletonClassInstance{
private static final SingletonDemo3 instance=new SingletonDemo3();
}
private SingletonDemo3(){}
public static SingletonDemo3 getInstance(){
return SingletonClassInstance.instance;
}
}
5,枚举类:线程安全,调用效率高,不能延时加载,可以天然的防止反射和反序列化调用
/**
* 枚举类(线程安全,调用效率高,不能延时加载,可以天然的防止反射和反序列化调用)
*/
public enum Singleton06 {
INTANCE;
private SingletonClass instance;
Singleton06(){
this.instance = new SingletonClass();
}
public SingletonClass getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
public class SingletonClass {
public SingletonClass (){
System.out.println("SingletonClass 实例化");
}
}
@Test
public void test枚举单例(){
ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
es.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
SingletonClass singletonClass = Singleton06.INTANCE.getInstance();
}
});
}
}