python相关问题

安装python 3.6
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.6

安装完python3.6后， 如果讲系统的默认python3改为python3.6，(使用sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3), 有可能出现例如终端打不开， 右上角出现红色圆圈警告，系统的printers打不开等等问题，按以下步骤来一遍：

如果终端打不开，按下Ctrl+Alt+F1进入文本模式，然后：

cd /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/
sudo cp _gi.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp _gi_cairo.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi_cairo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

最好在/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/里面把所有和python3.5有关的复制一遍（检查下有没有复制完）：

sudo cp apt_inst.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so apt_inst.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp brlapi.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so brlapi.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp _cffi_backend.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _cffi_backend.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp cups.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so cups.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp cups.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so cups.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp cupsext.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so cupsext.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp _dbus_bindings.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _dbus_bindings.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp _dbus_glib_bindings.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _dbus_glib_bindings.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp hpmudext.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so hpmudext.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp pcardext.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so pcardext.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp pycurl.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so pycurl.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
sudo cp scanext.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so scanext.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

然后执行下面的语句：
sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev
sudo pip3 install pycairo
sudo apt install libcairo2
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install python-cairo

调整python3.6的优先级,使其为系统默认值
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150
前面两行是使得系统python3的链接指向python3.5, 后面两行是调整系统python的链接,指向python3

关于update-alternatives命令

1. install命令(增加命令链接) update-alternatives --install link name path priority priority越大优先级越高 (参考前面命令理解)
2. display命令(查看命令链接信息)update-alternatives --display name (例如update-alternatives --display python)
3. remove命令(删除命令链接)update-alternatives --remove name path(name path和install命令含义一致)
4. config命令(图形化配置命令链接)update-alternatives --config name

方式2: 调整python3.6的优先级,使其为系统默认值
查看目前python命令的链接:
ll /usr/bin/python*
cd /usr/bin
sudo rm python
sudo ln -s python3.6 python
sudo rm python3
sudo ln -s python3.6 python3