引子:
大家上过操作系统的都知道“生产者-消费者(Producer-Consumer)”模型,主要讨论的是进程(线程)间的互斥和同步问题,关键是对锁(lock)的申请、独占和释放,在这里我就不罗嗦了。原先我写的Java代码如下:
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虽然Java对信号量及原语做了更高层次的封装(wait()、notify()、notifyAll()、synchronized{}),但看完上述代码还是觉得有点麻烦,于是JDK 5在原先collection框架的基础上增加了java.util.concurrent包,封装了许多用于线程并发操作的数据结构和操作。其中的BlockingQueue接口就是封装了一个阻塞队列的接口,具体地说就是实现了一个用于消费者(多个)和生产者(多个)交换产品的中介,生产者线程在队列满时阻塞,消费者线程在队列空时阻塞,当然在没有得到锁之前两类线程均会阻塞。详细信息可以参考Java Doc。下面用BlockingQueue实现P-C模型:
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可以看出代码中没有出现wait()或notify()之类的原语操作,这些操作由concurrent框架负责封装。更全面的讨论可以参考 《驯服 Tiger: 并发集合》(IBM)