Redis的安装注意事项

Redis下载和安装

redis各个版本下载：http://download.redis.io/releases/

1、概述

Redis是一个高性能的基于Key-value设计的内存数据库，它支持常见的五种数据格式：String类型、Hash、List列表、Set集合、ZSet有序集合、 bitmaps， hyperloglogs 和 地理空间（geospatial） 索引半径查询等。

作用

• 性能

  通常数据库的操作，一般都要几十毫秒，而Redis的读操作一般仅需要不到1毫秒。所以一般在开发中我们会把一些数据存在Redis中，性能会有几十倍到上百倍的提升。

• 并发

  在网站的大并发的环境下，所有的请求都直接访问数据库，数据库的链接很容易耗尽。甚至出现数据的卡死或者直接宕机，为了解决数据库的压力一般我们都会采用redis来做数据的缓存。让请求先访问到Redis中，而不会直接冲到数据库去查询。

2、前提

> mkdir -p /example/redis
> cd /example/redis

3、安装

# 下载
$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.9.tar.gz
# 解压
$ tar -zvxf redis-5.0.9.tar.gz
# 找到Redis安装目录
$ cd redis-5.0.9
# 编译安装
$ make

4、启动redis服务

$ cd redis-5.0.9
$ src/redis-server

20761:C 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.277 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
20761:C 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.277 # Redis version=5.0.9, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=20761, just started
20761:C 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.277 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use src/redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ''-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 5.0.9 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                   
 (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 20761
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io        
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                       
          `-._        _.-'                                           
              `-.__.-'                                               

20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.278 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.278 # Server initialized
20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.278 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.278 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.279 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds
20761:M 07 Aug 2021 09:19:32.279 * Ready to accept connections

• 启动方式:占用式的启动方式。如果通过客户端连接，必须要重新打开一个窗口去连接。
• 关闭服务: CTRL+C

^C20757:signal-handler (1628299127) Received SIGINT scheduling shutdown...
20757:M 07 Aug 2021 09:18:47.395 # User requested shutdown...
20757:M 07 Aug 2021 09:18:47.395 * Saving the final RDB snapshot before exiting.
20757:M 07 Aug 2021 09:18:47.398 * DB saved on disk
20757:M 07 Aug 2021 09:18:47.398 # Redis is now ready to exit, bye bye...

5、连接redis客户端

$ cd redis-5.0.9
$ src/redis-cli

6、守护进程启动redis

修改redis.conf

[root@iZwz94p9y07ns86pck1l2jZ redis-5.0.12]# ./src/redis-server ./redis.conf 
25431:C 20 May 2021 10:56:30.812 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
25431:C 20 May 2021 10:56:30.812 # Redis version=5.0.12, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=25431, just started
25431:C 20 May 2021 10:56:30.812 # Configuration loaded

查看进程

[root@iZuf6fficzegug97wcge01Z redis-5.0.9]# ps -ef | grep redis
root      5415     1  0 09:59 ?        00:00:00 src/redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379

客户端连接

[root@iZwz94p9y07ns86pck1l2jZ redis-5.0.12]# ./src/redis-cli 
127.0.0.1:6379> auth mkxiaoer1986.
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set name feifei
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"feifei"

7、redis.conf完整配置

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf

################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
#
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 loopback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#bind 127.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
protected-mode yes

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize yes

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile ""

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means
# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo yes

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of wri