类加载机制

类加载机制

源码一 Launcher类

public class Launcher {
    // 有java虚拟机调用该方法获取到类加载器, 这个方法一般为jvm调用(C++调用)
	public static Launcher getLauncher() {
        return launcher;
    }

	public Launcher() {
        //  扩展类加载器
        Launcher.ExtClassLoader var1;
        try {
            // 实例化类扩展类加载器
            var1 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
        } catch (IOException var10) {
            throw new InternalError("Could not create extension class loader", var10);
        }

        try {
            // 实例化 应用程序类加载器 这个把 ExtClassLoader传过去，设置为AppClassLoader的父类
            this.loader = Launcher.AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(var1);
        } catch (IOException var9) {
            throw new InternalError("Could not create application class loader", var9);
        }
		// 设置当前类加载器（这里可以看出，当前类的加载器为 AppClassLoader）
        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.loader);
        // 实例化权限控制类一般为关闭状态， 需要自己设定安全策略
        String var2 = System.getProperty("java.security.manager");
        if (var2 != null) {
            SecurityManager var3 = null;
            if (!"".equals(var2) && !"default".equals(var2)) {
                try {
                    var3 = (SecurityManager)this.loader.loadClass(var2).newInstance();
                } catch (IllegalAccessException var5) {
                } catch (InstantiationException var6) {
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException var7) {
                } catch (ClassCastException var8) {
                }
            } else {
                var3 = new SecurityManager();
            }

            if (var3 == null) {
                throw new InternalError("Could not create SecurityManager: " + var2);
            }

            System.setSecurityManager(var3);
        }
    }
    // 这个方法我们可以知道 Launcher的类加载器为AppClassLoader
     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        return this.loader;
    }
}

通过源码分析，我们可以看到java虚拟机启动的时候初始化了两个类型的classLoader : ExtClassLoader 和 AppClassLoader, 接下来我们来看一下他们的实现类。

ExtClassLoader

static class ExtClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {
    // 单例模式
    private static volatile Launcher.ExtClassLoader instance;
    // 这里通过单例模式实例化 ExtClassLoader
    public static Launcher.ExtClassLoader getExtClassLoader() throws IOException {
        if (instance == null) {
            Class var0 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.class;
            synchronized(Launcher.ExtClassLoader.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = createExtClassLoader();
                }
            }
        }

        return instance;
    }
    // 这里可以看到 ExtClassLoader 的父加载器为null
    public ExtClassLoader(File[] var1) throws IOException {
        super(getExtURLs(var1), (ClassLoader)null, Launcher.factory);
        SharedSecrets.getJavaNetAccess().getURLClassPath(this).initLookupCache(this);
    }

}

AppClassLoader

static class AppClassLoader extends URLClassLoader { 
	final URLClassPath ucp = SharedSecrets.getJavaNetAccess().getURLClassPath(this);

        public static ClassLoader getAppClassLoader(final ClassLoader var0) throws IOException {
            // 获取类路径
            final String var1 = System.getProperty("java.class.path");
            final File[] var2 = var1 == null ? new File[0] : Launcher.getClassPath(var1);
            return (ClassLoader)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Launcher.AppClassLoader>() {
                public Launcher.AppClassLoader run() {
                    URL[] var1x = var1 == null ? new URL[0] : Launcher.pathToURLs(var2);
                    return new Launcher.AppClassLoader(var1x, var0);
                }
            });
        }
}

MyClassLoader

 static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
 	private final String classPath;

        public MyClassLoader(String classPath) {
            this.classPath = classPath;
        }

        @Override
        protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
            try {
                byte[] data = loadByName(name);
                return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new ClassNotFoundException();
            }
        }
 }

ClassLoader继承图

图中可以看出所有类都继承了ClassLoader类，那我们现在来看一下ClassLoader类

public abstract class ClassLoader {
    // 允许传入父ClassLoader
	protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);
    }
    
    // 没有传入父ClassLoader
     protected ClassLoader() {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());
    }
    
    // 获取默认的父ClassLoader
    public static ClassLoader getSystemClassLoader() {
        initSystemClassLoader();
        if (scl == null) {
            return null;
        }
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkClassLoaderPermission(scl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
        }
        return scl;
    }
    
    private static synchronized void initSystemClassLoader() {
        if (!sclSet) {
            if (scl != null)
                throw new IllegalStateException("recursive invocation");
            sun.misc.Launcher l = sun.misc.Launcher.getLauncher();
            if (l != null) {
                Throwable oops = null;
                // 前面说过，Launcher 的 ClassLoader为 AppClassLoader
                scl = l.getClassLoader();
                try {
                    scl = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                        new SystemClassLoaderAction(scl));
                } catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                    oops = pae.getCause();
                    if (oops instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
                        oops = oops.getCause();
                    }
                }
                if (oops != null) {
                    if (oops instanceof Error) {
                        throw (Error) oops;
                    } else {
                        // wrap the exception
                        throw new Error(oops);
                    }
                }
            }
            sclSet = true;
        }
    }
}

从上面的源码分析可以一步一步的确认各个类加载器的父加载器，现在我们画一张图说明，这个后面的类加载器的双亲委派知己有关

BootstrapClassLoader

这个为引导程序加载器，在java中获取不到该类，jer/lib包下面的核心类都由该加载器加载。

ClassLoader双亲委派机制

ClassLoader中关于双亲委派机制的实现方法

public abstract class ClassLoader {
    // 该方法为实现实现自定义查找类的方法
	protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
    }
    // 类加载方法
    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            // 首先查看是否已经加载了该类
            // First, check if the class has already been loaded
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                    // 没有加载的话调用父类加载
                    if (parent != null) {
                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
                    } else {
                        // 若果父类为空则调用引导类加载器加载
                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
                    // from the non-null parent class loader
                }

                if (c == null) {
                    // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
                    // to find the class.
                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                    c = findClass(name);

                    // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
                }
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }
    // 通过引导类加载器加载类
    private Class<?> findBootstrapClassOrNull(String name)
    {
        if (!checkName(name)) return null;

        return findBootstrapClass(name);
    }
     // JIN调用（C++调用）
     private native Class<?> findBootstrapClass(String name);
}

ClassLoader的父子关系以及双亲委派机制

加载流程说明：
首先由自定义类加载器调用 MyClassLoader#loadClass加载类，这个时候调用ClassLoader#loadClass方法，接着通过 JIN 调用ClassLoader#``findLoadedClass来判断是否加载过该类，加载过则直接返回，否则调用parent加载类，一直调用到根加载器 ExtClassLoader 没有的话调用引导类加载器加载，没有找到的话，从 ExtClassLoser 开始依次调用findClass方法查找该类进行加载。