Android 广播机制

1、动态注册广播BroadcastReceiver

    在Activity文件中动态的注册广播：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;  //用来向广播监听器传递广播名
    private MyBroadcastReceiver myBroadcastReceiver;  //创建广播监听器对象

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        intentFilter=new IntentFilter();  //对象实例化
        myBroadcastReceiver=new MyBroadcastReceiver();  //对象实例化
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        //这里添加监听名为android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE的广播
        registerReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver,intentFilter);//注册广播
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy(){
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(myBroadcastReceiver);//取消注册
    }

    class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent){
            //这里执行监听到广播之后的程序
            Toast.makeText(context,"监听被听到",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
    
}

2、静态注册广播BroadcastReceiver

    右击com.example.项目名 → New → Other → Broadcast Receiver

    Exported，是否接收本程序以外的广播

    Enabled，是否启用这个广播接收器

    创建类名为Receiver1的广播：

public class Receiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        //这里执行监听到广播之后的程序
    }
}

    修改AndroidManifest.xml文件

<manifest>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    <application>
        <receiver
            android:name=".Receiver1"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest>

3、自定义广播

1、创建广播接收器

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "MyReceiver被监听到", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

2、 AndroidManifest.xml中注册，自定义广播名称

        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

3、 发送广播

Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MY_BROADCAST");
//指定广播名称，要与接收的广播一致
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver2","com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver"));
// Android 8.0及以上必须添加，参数为（接收广播类的包名，接收广播类的完整类名）
sendBroadcast(intent,null);//发送广播

4、有序广播

1、有序广播发送方式：

由sendBroadcast变为：sendOrderedBroadcast ，例：

sendOrderedBroadcast (intent,null);

2、设置广播接收器的优先级

在AndroidManifest设置：

<intent-filter android:priority="100">
      <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>

3、截断有序广播

public class MyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      //这里执行监听到广播之后的程序
        abortBroadcast();
    }
}