iOS开发--开发细节（使用关联对象存取自定义数据）

关联对象可以给一个定义好的对象 增加一个KEY从而来存取自定义数据

提供了三个API

/** 
**设置**
 * Sets an associated value for a given object using a given key and association policy.
 * 
 * @param object The source object for the association.
 * @param key The key for the association.
 * @param value The value to associate with the key key for object. Pass nil to clear an existing association.
 * @param policy The policy for the association. For possible values, see “Associative Object Behaviors.”
 * 
 * @see objc_setAssociatedObject
 * @see objc_removeAssociatedObjects
 */
OBJC_EXPORT void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
    __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);

/** 
**读取**
 * Returns the value associated with a given object for a given key.
 * 
 * @param object The source object for the association.
 * @param key The key for the association.
 * 
 * @return The value associated with the key \e key for \e object.
 * 
 * @see objc_setAssociatedObject
 */
OBJC_EXPORT id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)
    __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);

/** 
**删除**
 * Removes all associations for a given object.
 * 
 * @param object An object that maintains associated objects.
 * 
 * @note The main purpose of this function is to make it easy to return an object 
 *  to a "pristine state”. You should not use this function for general removal of
 *  associations from objects, since it also removes associations that other clients
 *  may have added to the object. Typically you should use \c objc_setAssociatedObject 
 *  with a nil value to clear an association.
 * 
 * @see objc_setAssociatedObject
 * @see objc_getAssociatedObject
 */
OBJC_EXPORT void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object)
    __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_6, __IPHONE_3_1);

objc_AssociationPOlicyen Enum

typedef OBJC_ENUM(uintptr_t, objc_AssociationPolicy) {
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN = 0,  //相当于属性中的assign         
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC = 1, //retain,monatomic
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC = 3,  //copy,nonatomic
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN = 01401,    //retain 
    OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY = 01403     //copy    
};

Demo 给button 增加了一个string

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

static void * myBtnKey = "myBtnKey";
@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    UIButton *btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
    btn.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
    btn.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 60, 30);
    [self.view addSubview:btn];
     objc_setAssociatedObject(btn, myBtnKey, @"mybtn", OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
    [btn addTarget:self action:@selector(btnClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];


}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (void)btnClick:(id)sender {
    NSString *str = objc_getAssociatedObject(sender, myBtnKey);
    /**
     *  CODE
     */
}