动名词

动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。
现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰

My job is looking after the children.
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
下面是现在分词作表语
The situation is encouraging.
This cake is very inviting.

The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.

The situation is encouraging.

This cake is very inviting.

The volleyball match we watched was
very exciting.
exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting

动名词作定语
singing competition swimming pool
dining car opening speech
drinking cup living room
typing paper waiting room
writing desk washing machine
frying-pan sleeping-pill
walking stick teaching method
注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，
它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；
而现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、
行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系

动名词的复合结构就是
前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构
有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。但有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如
She won’t hear of us leaving the village.
Do you object to Li Ping’s joining the group?
如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如
Is there any hope of your team winning the match?
The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.
动名词的复合结构有下列用法：
① 作主语：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Nothing is worse than our bowing before difficulties.
Lao Li’s (not: Li)going won’t be of much help.

② 作表语：
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
What’s troubling them is their not having enough machine tools.
③ 作宾语：
Do you mind my reading your paper?
Please excuse my interrupting you.
④ 作介词宾语：
They insisted on my staying there for supper.
Do you think there will be any chance of my seeing him again?
动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确的在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：
They are all interested in climbing mountains.

He took a great delight in helping others.
① 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
注：在某些动词之后常用动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：
Excuse me for coming late.
I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.
② 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：
This question is far from being settled.
He did it without being asked.
They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.
He didn’t mind being left at home.
They couldn’t stand being treated like that.
注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
动 1、作主语
名 2、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）
词 3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）
4、作定语（与动名词的区别）

现在分词和过去分词
用法之异同

v-ing形式.ppt
1.8 MB