BGP综合实验_bgp综合配置实验-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mxxcxy/article/details/130834429

拓扑结构：

要求：

1、使用BGP协议，按照真实网络环境的逻辑配置；

2、实现所有PC间可以相互通讯

3、解决环路，所有路径选择最优

使用的设备：5台路由器，5台PC

解决网络拓扑：

1、确定广播域的个数

2、分配网段

3、配置IP地址（优先配置路由器）

确定广播域的个数

根据拓扑结构图以及要求可知，BGP协议是在AS（自治系统）之间运行的，自治系统 AS 是在一个或多个网络运营商代表单个管理实体或域的控制下，所以在本次实验之中，均使用公网IPV4地址进行配置

分配网段

自主分配网段

接口网段：

接口

分配网段

R1：GE 0/0/0

R1：GE 0/0/1

12.0.0.0/30

20.0.1.0/25

R2：GE 0/0/0

R2：GE 0/0/1

R2：GE 0/0/2

12.0.0.0/30

23.0.0.0/30

30.0.1.0/25

R3：GE 0/0/0

R3：GE 0/0/1

R3：GE 0/0/2

23.0.0.0/30

34.0.0.0/30

40.0.1.0/25

R4：GE 0/0/0

R4：GE 0/0/1

R4：GE 0/0/2

R4：GE 1/0/0

34.0.0.0/30

45.0.0.0/30

45.0.0.4/30

50.0.1.0/25

R5：GE 0/0/0

R5：GE 0/0/1

R5：GE 0/0/2

45.0.0.0/30

45.0.0.4/30

60.0.1.0/25

环回网段：

环回	分配网段
R1 LoopBack 0	20.0.1.128/25
R2 LoopBack 0	30.0.1.128/25
R3 LoopBack 0	40.0.1.128/25
R4 LoopBack 0	50.0.1.128/25
R5 LoopBack 0	60.0.1.128/25

配置路由器IP地址

AR1：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 30
May 23 2023 21:16:18-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 20.0.1.1 25 
May 23 2023 21:16:40-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q              
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 20.0.1.129 25
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]

AR2：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 23 2023 21:17:32-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 23.0.0.1 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
May 23 2023 21:17:46-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 30.0.1.1 25
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
May 23 2023 21:18:00-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q             
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 30.0.1.129 25
[r2-LoopBack0]q
[r2]

AR3：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 23.0.0.2 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 23 2023 21:18:56-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 34.0.0.1 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
May 23 2023 21:19:07-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 40.0.1.1 25
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
May 23 2023 21:19:19-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 40.0.1.129 25
[r3-LoopBack0]q
[r3]

AR4：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 30
May 23 2023 21:20:11-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.1 30
May 23 2023 21:20:31-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 45.0.0.5 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
May 23 2023 21:20:48-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 50.0.1.1 25
[r4-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]
May 23 2023 21:21:04-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]q
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 50.0.1.129 25
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]

AR5：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.2 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 23 2023 21:21:44-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.6 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
May 23 2023 21:22:02-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 60.0.1.1 25
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
May 23 2023 21:22:22-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 60.0.1.129 25
[r5-LoopBack0]q
[r5]

配置OSPF动态路由协议

BGP协议承载于IGP协议之上，先将IGP内部网络联通，配置IGP协议

AR2：

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 30.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r2-ospf-1]q
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r2]

AR3：

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 40.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]

AR4：

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 50.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-1]q
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r4]

配置OSPF动态路由协议，在接口配置认证，保证更新安全

配置BGP-边界网关协议

配置完OSPF协议之后AS2之内的设备可以相互通信，然后接着在AS1、AS2、AS3上配置BGP-边界网关协议，实现三个自治系统间的网络通信，暂时未学习新的技术解决BGP黑洞，所以5台路由器均配置BGP协议

AR1：

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.0.0.2 as-number 2
[r1-bgp]q
[r1]

AR2：

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]peer 12.0.0.1 as-number 1
[r2-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r2-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]q
[r2]

AR3：

[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]peer 30.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]peer 30.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]q
[r3]

AR4：

#在R4上配置BGP协议时，左边和AS3的两条链路都要建邻，所以两边的环回要通信，先写静态路由
[r4]ip route-static 60.0.1.128 25 45.0.0.2
[r4]ip route-static 60.0.1.128 25 45.0.0.6

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r4-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 60.0.1.129 as-number 3
[r4-bgp]peer 60.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 60.0.1.129 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r4-bgp]q
[r4]

AR5：

#与R4类似
[r5]ip route-static 50.0.1.128 25 45.0.0.1
[r5]ip route-static 50.0.1.128 25 45.0.0.5

[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r5-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r5-bgp]q
[r5]

宣告网段：

AR1：

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]network 20.0.1.0 25
[r1-bgp]network 20.0.1.128 25

该路由宣告后传递给R2，R2在将该路由传递给R3，但是R2的路由表上是有该网段，R3的路由表上没有该网段，因为AS BY AS规则，导致传递到R2的路由条目为优（去该网段下一跳可达），可以加入路由表，但是传递到R3时，路由条目不优（去该网段下一跳不可达），不能加入路由表。所以需要在R2上将该路由条目的下一跳改为本地。

AR2：

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]network 30.0.1.0 25

#AR3：
[r3-bgp]network 40.0.1.0 25

R3上的路由条目为优后，可以加入路由表，但是因为BGP协议的水平分割，导致不能传递给R4，所以我们需要在R2与R4之间再建立邻居关系（还有其他方法，但是本次未学习）。同样，路由传递给R4时也不优，也要修改下一跳为本地。

AR2：

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r2-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 50.0.1.129 next-hop-local

AR4：

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 30.0.1.129 as-number 2
[r4-bgp]peer 30.0.1.129 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]network 50.0.1.0 25

同样在R5上也是一样的操作

#AR5：
[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]network 60.0.1.0 25

#AR4：
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 40.0.1.129 next-hop-local
[r4-bgp]peer 30.0.1.129 next-hop-local
[r4-bgp]q
[r4]