专题0：py语法精讲：条件语句

掌握条件语句的结构

if

>>> x = 4
>>> if x % 2 ==0:
...     print(x)
...     print('x is even number.')
...
4
x is even number.
>>> if x % 2 ==1:
...     print(x)
...     print('x is even number.')
...

elif

>>> if x % 2 ==1:
...     print(x)
...     print('x is even number.')
...
>>> if x > 3:
...     print(x,'x is more than 3')
... elif x < 3 and x > 0:
...     print(x,'x is less than 3')
... else:
...     print(x,'x is less than 0')
...
4 x is more than 3

三元操作

>>> x = 3.14
>>> lang = 'python' if x > 4 else 'rust'
>>> lang
'rust'
>>> lang = 'python' if x < 4 else 'rust'
>>> lang
'python'

在程序中正确使用条件语句

例题1：编写程序，判断用户输入的数字事奇数还是偶数

n = input('请输入一个自然数：')
if n.isdigit():
    n = int(n)
    if n %2 == 0:
        print('{0} is a even number.'.format(n))
    else:
        print('{0} is a odd number.'.format(n))
else:
    print('请输入一个自然数')

例题2：编写程序，判断用户输入的网站主域名是否符合规定格式要求
-网站主域名格式：www.xxxx.xxx

domain = input('please input a domain name:')

postfix = ('com','net','cn')

lst = domain.split('.')

if (len(lst) < 2 ) or (len(lst) > 4):
    print('sorry! your domain is not right.')
elif lst[-1] not in postfix:
    print('The domain does not comply with the regulations.')
else:
    print('The domain is right.')