Nacos服务配置与注册，openFeign服务调用

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 21:37:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 21:37:41 发布

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分类专栏：微服务文章标签： java spring cloud

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/myepicure/article/details/131308370

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1.Nacos下载运行

1.1 Github地址 Tags · alibaba/nacos · GitHub

目前最新版本是2.2.3，这里下载2.2.2 Release 2.2.2 (Apr 11, 2023) · alibaba/nacos · GitHub

Windows下载zip包，Linux下载gz包。

1.2 解压nacos-server-2.2.2.zip包，然后进入到bin目录，终端运行命令 startup.cmd -m standalone，即可启动服务。

注意：JAVA_HOME需要先配置好，startup.cmd脚本里会用到。

1.3 在浏览器访问http://localhost:8848/nacos，就可以打开Nacos管理界面了，不再需要用户名和密码。默认端口是8848，如果要修改端口或其它配置，可以修改conf目录（bin目录同级）下的application.properties。

2. Springboot（生产者）

2.1 生成2.7版本Springboot Spring Initializr

2.2 修改pom文件，主要是增加三个依赖，版本号是2021.0.5

<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.7.12</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>11</java.version>
		<spring-cloud-dependencies.version>2021.0.5</spring-cloud-dependencies.version>
		<spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version>2021.0.5.0</spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 微服务 nacos config依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 微服务 nacos discovery依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 微服务 bootstrap依赖  -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
	<dependencies>
		<!-- spring cloud依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-cloud-dependencies.version}</version>
			<type>pom</type>
			<scope>import</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- spring cloud alibaba依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version}</version>
			<type>pom</type>
			<scope>import</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

2.3 在Nacos页面，新建新的命名空间test，自动生成命名空间ID

2.4 配置bootstrap.properties，bootstrap的优先级大于application

spring.application.name=mytest2
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=localhost:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=80d30c50-4f49-411c-8157-5bc514d7b1b0
spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=properties

注意：nacos.config的相关配置需放在这里，否则后面运行时，控制器类因为没有读到Nacos上配置而报错Error creating bean。application.name必须有，namespace对应2.3里test的命名空间ID，file-extension也可以是yaml。

2.5 配置application.properties

server.port=8088
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=localhost:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=80d30c50-4f49-411c-8157-5bc514d7b1b0
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.register-enabled=true

nacos.discovery的配置也可以放在bootstrap.properties

2.6 开启服务注册发现加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class DemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
	}

}

2.7 增加生产者控制器类

package com.example.demo.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RefreshScope // Spring Cloud原生注解 开启自动更新
@RequestMapping(value = "/producer")
@Slf4j
public class ProducerController {

    @Value("${config.info}")
    private String name;

    @GetMapping("/getConfig")
    public String getConfig() {
        log.info("getConfig>>>>>>>>>>>");
        return "getConfig>>>>>>>>>>>>" + "发现：" + ">>>服务名称：" + name;
    }

}

2.8 在Nacos页面，创建新的配置mytest2.properties

Data ID的格式：${prefix}-${spring.profiles.active}.${file-extension}

prefix 默认为spring.application.name的值，也可以通过spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix来配置。

spring.profiles.active为当前环境对应的profile，若为空，则格式变为${prefix}.${file-extension}。

file-extension 通过spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension来配置。

本例我们没有配spring.profiles.active，所以Data ID名称应为mytest2.properties。

创建后可以在配置列表查看和编辑。

2.9 启动Springboot服务，访问 http://localhost:8088/producer/getConfig，返回结果如下

getConfig>>>>>>>>>>>>发现：>>>服务名称：我的服务

在Nacos页面，修改mytest2.properties里的config.info=我的新服务，保存发布后再次访问http://localhost:8088/producer/getConfig，返回结果如下

getConfig>>>>>>>>>>>>发现：>>>服务名称：我的新服务

由此借助Nacos实现不重启Springboot服务，而读取到新的配置信息。

2.10 在Nacos页面，服务列表里可以找到服务mytest2

3. Springboot（消费者）

3.1 Copy一份2.1生成的Springboot初始代码，做消费端

3.2 修改pom文件，主要是服务发现，Openfeign和LoadBalancer三个依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.7.12</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>11</java.version>
		<spring-cloud-dependencies.version>2021.0.5</spring-cloud-dependencies.version>
		<spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version>2021.0.5.0</spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 微服务 nacos discovery依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--
           在消费者加Openfeign依赖
       -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- LoadBalancer -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
	<dependencies>
		<!-- spring cloud依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-cloud-dependencies.version}</version>
			<type>pom</type>
			<scope>import</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- spring cloud alibaba依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies.version}</version>
			<type>pom</type>
			<scope>import</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<excludes>
						<exclude>
							<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
							<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
						</exclude>
					</excludes>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

3.3 配置application.properties

server.port=8089
spring.application.name=consumer
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=localhost:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=80d30c50-4f49-411c-8157-5bc514d7b1b0
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.register-enabled=true
注意：服务端口不要和生产者一样。

3.4 开启服务注册发现@EnableDiscoveryClient，和openFeign功能@EnableFeignClients

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class DemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
	}

}

3.5 在生产者ProducerController里加个API接口，全路径为/producer/openfeign/{msg}

   @GetMapping("/openfeign/{msg}")
    public String testMsg(@PathVariable("msg") String msg) {
        return "生产者收到消息=" + msg;
    }

3.6 在消费者里增加OpenFeignService接口，以调用生产者的接口

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient(value = "mytest2")//生产者注册的服务名
public interface OpenFeignService {
    @GetMapping("/producer/openfeign/{msg}")//对应生产者API里的全路径
    String get(@PathVariable("msg")String msg);

}

3.7 增加消费者控制器类

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    OpenFeignService openFeignService;

    @GetMapping("/test/{msg}")
    public String invokeProvider(@PathVariable String msg) {
        return "消费者在调用API," + openFeignService.get(msg);
    }
}

3.8 启动生产者和消费者Springboot服务，在Nacos服务列表可以看到这两个服务已注册。

访问消费者API http://localhost:8089/consumer/test/hello，返回结果如下

消费者在调用API,生产者收到消息=hello

3.9 通过向Nacos服务注册，由Nacos管理所有服务，实现了服务之间解耦。

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Nacos服务配置与注册，openFeign服务调用

在Nacos页面，修改mytest2.properties里的config.info=我的新服务，保存发布后再次访问http://localhost:8088/producer/getConfig，返回结果如下。prefix 默认为spring.application.name的值，也可以通过spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix来配置。file-extension 通过spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension来配置。
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