SpringBoot 学习之 @PostConstruct、 @Autowired与构造函数的执行顺序

虽然 @PostConstruct、 @Autowired 和 构造函数都是在 Servlet 加载时调用，但是调用是时间还是有一些区别

一、当 @PostConstruct、 @Autowired 和 构造函数 在同一个类中的时候

调用的顺序为： 构造函数 > @Autowired > @PostConstruct

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Auther: yoult
 * @Description: TODO 初始化函数运行顺序测试
 * @LoginName: ZDGG
 * @Date: 2020-12-14 22:01 星期一
 */
@Component
public class SuccessivelyTestA {
    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");//设置日期格式,精确到毫秒

    SuccessivelyTestA(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>successivelyTestA");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    void testPostConstruct(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testPostConstructA");
    }

    @Autowired
    private void testAutowired(Test test){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testAutowiredA");
    }
}

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @Auther: yoult
 * @Description: TODO
 * @LoginName: ZDGG
 * @Date: 2020-12-14 22:01 星期一
 */
@Component
public class Test {
    Test(){
    }
}

运行结果为：

2020-12-14 22:36:18.361==>successivelyTestA
2020-12-14 22:36:18.364==>testAutowiredA
2020-12-14 22:36:18.364==>testPostConstructA

二、当 @PostConstruct、 @Autowired 和 构造函数 在不同的类中时

现有SuccessivelyTestA 类和 SuccessivelyTestB 类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Auther: yoult
 * @Description: TODO 初始化函数运行顺序测试
 * @LoginName: ZDGG
 * @Date: 2020-12-14 22:01 星期一
 */
@Component
public class SuccessivelyTestB {
    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");//设置日期格式,精确到毫秒

    SuccessivelyTestB(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>successivelyTestB");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    void testPostConstruct(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testPostConstructB");
    }

    @Autowired
    private void testAutowired(Test test){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testAutowiredB");
    }
}

2.1 当类 SuccessivelyTestA 和类 SuccessivelyTestB 无关联时，按类加载顺序执行

运行结果为：

2020-12-14 22:44:01.711==>successivelyTestA
2020-12-14 22:44:01.714==>testAutowiredA
2020-12-14 22:44:01.714==>testPostConstructA
2020-12-14 22:44:01.714==>successivelyTestB
2020-12-14 22:44:01.715==>testAutowiredB
2020-12-14 22:44:01.715==>testPostConstructB

2.2 若在SuccessivelyTestA类 中注入 SuccessivelyTestB 类时 ，则执行顺序为： A类构造方法 > B类构造方法 > B类 @Autowired > B类 @PostConstruct > A类 @Autowired > A类 @PostConstruct

/**
 * @Auther: yoult
 * @Description: TODO 初始化函数运行顺序测试
 * @LoginName: ZDGG
 * @Date: 2020-12-14 22:01 星期一
 */
@Component
public class SuccessivelyTestA {
    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");//设置日期格式,精确到毫秒

    SuccessivelyTestA(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>successivelyTestA");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    void testPostConstruct(){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testPostConstructA");
    }

    /**
     * 此处把注入类改为 SuccessivelyTestB
     * @param successivelyTestB
     */
    @Autowired
    private void testAutowired(SuccessivelyTestB successivelyTestB){
        System.out.println(df.format(new Date()) + "==>testAutowiredA");
    }
}

运行结果为：

2020-12-14 22:53:02.072==>successivelyTestA
2020-12-14 22:53:02.074==>successivelyTestB
2020-12-14 22:53:02.076==>testAutowiredB
2020-12-14 22:53:02.076==>testPostConstructB
2020-12-14 22:53:02.077==>testAutowiredA
2020-12-14 22:53:02.077==>testPostConstructA