概述:AsyncTask的本质是一个线程池,所有提交的异步任务都会在这个线程池中的工作线程内执行,当工作线程需要跟UI线程交互时,工作线程会通过向在UI线程创建的Handler(原理见:《Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解》)传递消息的方式,调用相关的回调函数,从而实现UI界面的更新。
例子:
本章还是以《Handler+Looper+MessageQueue深入详解》中的例子说明AsyncTask的实现原理。
这个例子是在后台下载CSDN的LOGO,下载完成后在UI界面上显示出来。
AsyncTask.java- package com.zhuozhuo;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.os.AsyncTask;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {
- private ImageView mImageView;
- private Button mButton;
- private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
- mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
- mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- GetCSDNLogoTask task = new GetCSDNLogoTask();
- task.execute("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
- }
- });
- }
- class GetCSDNLogoTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Bitmap> {//继承AsyncTask
- @Override
- protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {//处理后台执行的任务,在后台线程执行
- publishProgress(0);//将会调用onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress)方法
- HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
- publishProgress(30);
- HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(params[0]);//获取csdn的logo
- final Bitmap bm;
- try {
- HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
- bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- return null;
- }
- publishProgress(100);
- //mImageView.setImageBitmap(result); 不能在后台线程操作ui
- return bm;
- }
- protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {//在调用publishProgress之后被调用,在ui线程执行
- mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);//更新进度条的进度
- }
- protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {//后台任务执行完之后被调用,在ui线程执行
- if(result != null) {
- Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
- }else {
- Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
- protected void onPreExecute () {//在 doInBackground(Params...)之前被调用,在ui线程执行
- mImageView.setImageBitmap(null);
- mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
- }
- protected void onCancelled () {//在ui线程执行
- mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
- }
- }
- }
package com.zhuozhuo;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView mImageView;
private Button mButton;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
GetCSDNLogoTask task = new GetCSDNLogoTask();
task.execute("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
}
});
}
class GetCSDNLogoTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Bitmap> {//继承AsyncTask
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {//处理后台执行的任务,在后台线程执行
publishProgress(0);//将会调用onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress)方法
HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
publishProgress(30);
HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(params[0]);//获取csdn的logo
final Bitmap bm;
try {
HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
publishProgress(100);
//mImageView.setImageBitmap(result); 不能在后台线程操作ui
return bm;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {//在调用publishProgress之后被调用,在ui线程执行
mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);//更新进度条的进度
}
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {//后台任务执行完之后被调用,在ui线程执行
if(result != null) {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
}else {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
protected void onPreExecute () {//在 doInBackground(Params...)之前被调用,在ui线程执行
mImageView.setImageBitmap(null);
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
}
protected void onCancelled () {//在ui线程执行
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
}
}
}
分析:
- private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;//5个核心工作线程
- private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;//最多有128个工作线程
- private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;//空闲线程的超时时间为1秒
- private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);//等待队列
- public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR= new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);//线程池是静态变量,所有的异步任务都会放到这个线程池的工作线程内执行。
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;//5个核心工作线程
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;//最多有128个工作线程
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;//空闲线程的超时时间为1秒
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);//等待队列
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR= new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);//线程池是静态变量,所有的异步任务都会放到这个线程池的工作线程内执行。
回到例子中,点击按钮之后会新建一个GetCSDNLogoTask对象:
- GetCSDNLogoTask task = new GetCSDNLogoTask();
GetCSDNLogoTask task = new GetCSDNLogoTask();
此时会调用父类AsyncTask的构造函数:
AsyncTask.java
- /**
- * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
- */
- public AsyncTask() {
- mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
- public Result call() throws Exception {
- mTaskInvoked.set(true);
- Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
- //noinspection unchecked
- return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
- }
- };
- mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
- @Override
- protected void done() {
- try {
- postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
- e.getCause());
- } catch (CancellationException e) {
- postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
- }
- }
- };
- } private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
- final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
- if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
- postResult(result);
- }
- }
- private Result postResult(Result result) {
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
- new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
- message.sendToTarget();
- return result;
- }
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*/
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
} private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
WorkerRunnable类实现了callable接口的call()方法,该函数会调用我们在AsyncTask子类中实现的doInBackground(mParams)方法,由此可见,WorkerRunnable封装了我们要执行的异步任务。FutureTask中的protected void done() {}方法实现了异步任务状态改变后的操作。当异步任务被取消,会向UI线程传递MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL消息,当任务成功执行,会向UI线程传递MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息,并把执行结果传递到UI线程。
由此可知,AsyncTask在构造的时候已经定义好要异步执行的方法doInBackground(mParams)和任务状态变化后的操作(包括失败和成功)。
当创建完GetCSDNLogoTask对象后,执行
- task.execute("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
task.execute("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
此时会调用AsyncTask的execute(Params...params)方法
AsyncTask.java
- public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
- Params... params) {
- if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
- switch (mStatus) {
- case RUNNING:
- throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
- + " the task is already running.");
- case FINISHED:
- throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
- + " the task has already been executed "
- + "(a task can be executed only once)");
- }
- }
- mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
- onPreExecute();<SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; COLOR: rgb(0,130,0); FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=comment>//运行在ui线程,在提交任务到线程池之前执行</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </SPAN>
- mWorker.mParams = params;
- exec.execute(mFuture);<SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; COLOR: rgb(0,130,0); FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=comment>//提交任务到线程池</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </SPAN>
- return this;
- }
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();<span><span class="comment" style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;color:#0820;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px">//运行在ui线程,在提交任务到线程池之前执行</span><span style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </span></span>
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);<span><span class="comment" style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;color:#0820;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px">//提交任务到线程池</span><span style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </span></span>
return this;
}
当任务正在执行或者已经完成,会抛出IllegalStateException,由此可知我们不能够重复调用execute(Params...params)方法。在提交任务到线程池之前,调用了onPreExecute()方法。然后才执行sExecutor.execute(mFuture)是任务提交到线程池
- private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
- @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
- // There is only one result
- result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);<SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; COLOR: rgb(0,130,0); FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=comment>//执行任务成功</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </SPAN>
- break;
- case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
- result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);<SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; COLOR: rgb(0,130,0); FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=comment>//进度更新</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17.27px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-FAMILY: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; FONT-SIZE: 11.81px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </SPAN>
- break;
- }
- }
- }
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);<span><span class="comment" style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;color:#0820;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px">//执行任务成功</span><span style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </span></span>
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);<span><span class="comment" style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;color:#0820;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px">//进度更新</span><span style="font-family:Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif;BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 17px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(248,248,248); MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 11px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0px"> </span></span>
break;
}
}
}
当接收到消息之后,AsyncTask会调用自身相应的回调方法。
总结:
1、 AsyncTask的本质是一个静态的线程池,AsyncTask派生出的子类可以实现不同的异步任务,这些任务都是提交到静态的线程池中执行。
2、线程池中的工作线程执行doInBackground(mParams)方法执行异步任务
3、当任务状态改变之后,工作线程会向UI线程发送消息,AsyncTask内部的InternalHandler响应这些消息,并调用相关的回调函数
转载博文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/mylzc/article/details/6774131