1.(30%) process
a) what is the purpose of SW testing? could you briefly introduce all SW testing phases?
(答:测试的目的是想以最少的人力、物力和时间找出软件中潜在的各种错误和缺陷,通过修正种错误和缺陷提高软件质量,回避软件发布后由于潜在的软件缺陷和错误造成的隐患带来的商业风险。)
答:软件测试是为了发现错误而执行程序的过程。或者说,软件测试是根据软件开发各阶段的规格说明和程序的内部结构而精心设计一批测试用例(即输入数据及其预期的输出结果),并利用这些测试用例去运行程序,以发现程序错误的过程。
软件测试在软件生存期中横跨两个阶段:通常在编写出每一个模块之后就对它做必要的测试(称为单元测试)。模块的编写者与测试者是同一个人。编码与单元测试属于软件生存期中的同一个阶段。在这个阶段结束之后,对软件系统还要进行各种综合测试,这是软件生存期的另一个独立的阶段,即测试阶段,通常由专门的测试人员承担这项工作。
b) what kind of test methods will you used for test?
(黑盒测试 白盒测试 单元测试 集成测试 功能测试 性能测试 系统测试 回归测试 可靠性测试 安全型测试 回复测试等等)
BVT (Build Verification Test),主要目的是验证最新生成的软件版本在功能上是否完整,主要的软件特性是否正确Scenario Tests(基于用户实际应用场景的测试),Scenario Tests优点是关注了用户的需求,缺点是有时候难以真正模仿用户真实的使用情况Smoke Test,修复Bug后,针对此次修复是否会对其他模块造成影响而进行的专门测试。Smoke Test优点是节省测试时间,防止build失败。缺点是覆盖率还是比较低此外,还有Application Compatibility Test(兼容性测试),主要目的是为了兼容第三方软件,确保第三方软件能正常运行,用户不受影响。Accessibility Test(软件适用性测试),是确保软件对于某些有残疾的人士也能正常的使用,但优先级比较低。其它的测试还有Functional Test(功能测试)、Security Test(安全性测试)、Stress Test(压力测试)、Performance Test(性能测试)、Regression Test(回归测试)、Setup/Upgrade Test(安装升级测试)等
C)What does test automation mean and how it can be utilized in testing work? What are the benefits of it and what are the risks in test automation?
2.(10%) what is the output of following program
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char food[]="Yummy";
char *ptr;
ptr=food+strlen(food);
while(--ptr>=food)
puts(ptr);
return 0;
}
3.(20%)Network knowledge
a. identify and describe the functions of each layer of the TCP/IP reference model.
OSI中的层 | 功能 | TCP/IP协议族 |
应用层 | 文件传输,电子邮件,文件服务,虚拟终端 | TFTP,HTTP,SNMP,FTP,SMTP,DNS,RIP,Telnet |
表示层 | 数据格式化,代码转换,数据加密 | 没有协议 |
会话层 | 解除或建立与别的接点的联系 | 没有协议 |
传输层 | 提供端对端的接口 | TCP,UDP |
网络层 | 为数据包选择路由 | IP,ICMP,OSPF,BGP,IGMP ,ARP,RARP |
数据链路层 | 传输有地址的帧以及错误检测功能 | SLIP,CSLIP,PPP,MTU |
物理层 | 以二进制数据形式在物理媒体上传输数据 | ISO2110,IEEE802。IEEE802 |
b. In ATM protocol there are two kinds of package.One is AAL2,the other is AAL5.AA2 package is short, and AAL5 package has longer length,please describle the (dis)advantage of them.
c.
AAL2 (ATM适配层2):AAL2用于支持可变比特率的面向连接业务。并同时传送业务时钟信息。
AAL5(ATM适配层5):AAL5支持面向连接的、VBR业务,它主要用于ATM网及LANE上传输标准的IP业务。AAL5采用了SEAL技术,并且是目前AAL推荐中最简单的一个。AAL5提供低带宽开销和更为简单的处理需求以获得简化的带宽性能和错误恢复能力。
d. Give some examples for IP security attaching and possible solutions.
e.
f. Why need IP QoS? Please list and explain some major metrics for IP packet transfer performance.
4.(20%)Implementation
Backgrounds:
In WCDMA mobile network, NodeB and RNC are connected with fibers; calls go through NodeB and RNC;
Feature XXXXX:
IF the fiber connection breaks less than 5 seconds, the ongoing calls are terminated.
IF the fiber connection breaks between 5-8 seconds, the termination ration of ongoing calls is 50%
Tool:
Fiber breaker is a tool which can break the fiber connection for a given time slot,It is controlled by an automation software application. The minimum break time that fiber breaker can set is 1 seconds ,the turning unit 0.1second.
Could you prepare the acceptance test cases for above feature?
5.(20%)Implementation
Backgrounds:
In a distributed computing platform, there are around 600(this amount depends on the system configuration)computers connected together. There is a central computer which takes the control functions
Feature XXXXX:
All logs is other computers are forwarded to the central computer.
Task:
-to design the protocol/interface between the central computer and other computers,how the central computer receives logs from all computers?
-to write acceptance test cases?