观察者模式

使用场景 

当对象间存在一对多关系时,则使用观察者模式。比如，当对象被修改时，则会通知它的依赖对象。观察者模式属于行为型模式。

介绍

定义对象间一种一对多的关系，当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都会得到通知并被自动修改。

使用小例子说明一下

1，创建Subject类

public class Subject {
   
   private List<Observer> observers 
      = new ArrayList<Observer>();
   private int state;
 
   public int getState() {
      return state;
   }
 
   public void setState(int state) {
      this.state = state;
      notifyAllObservers();
   }
 
   public void attach(Observer observer){
      observers.add(observer);      
   }
 
   public void notifyAllObservers(){
      for (Observer observer : observers) {
         observer.update();
      }
   }  
}

  2、创建Observer类

public abstract class Observer {
   protected Subject subject;
   public abstract void update();
}

  3、然后再创建实体观察者类

public class BinaryObserver extends Observer{
 
   public BinaryObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void update() {
      
        // 输出 subject.getState() 的二进制
      System.out.println( "Binary String: " 
      + Integer.toBinaryString( subject.getState() ) ); 
   }
}

public class OctalObserver extends Observer{
 
   public OctalObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void update() {
       
    // 输出 subject.getState() 的八进制
     System.out.println( "Octal String: " 
     + Integer.toOctalString( subject.getState() ) ); 

   }
}

public class HexaObserver extends Observer{
 
   public HexaObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }
 
   @Override
   public void update() {

        // 输出 subject.getState() 的十六进制
      System.out.println( "Hex String: " 
      + Integer.toHexString( subject.getState() ).toUpperCase() ); 

   }
}

4、使用Subject和实体观察者对象

public class ObserverPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Subject subject = new Subject();
 
      new HexaObserver(subject);
      new OctalObserver(subject);
      new BinaryObserver(subject);
 
      System.out.println("First state change: 18");   
      subject.setState(15);
      System.out.println("Second state change: 20");  
      subject.setState(10);
   }
}

结果：

First state change:18
Hex String :12
Octal String : 22
Binary String: 10010
Second state change:20
Hex String :14
Octal String : 24
Binary String: 10100