目录
什么是动静分离:
必须依赖服务器生存的称为动。
不需要依赖容器的比如css/js或者 图片等,称为静。
静态资源类型:
在Nginx的conf目录下,有一个mime.types文件。
用户访问一个网站,然后从服务器端获取相应的资源通过浏览器进行解析渲染最后展示给用户,而服务端可以返回各种类型的内容,比如xml,jpg,png,gif,flash,mp4,htm,css等,name浏览器是根据mime-type来决定用什么形式来展示的。
服务器返回的资源给到浏览器时,会把媒体类型告知浏览器,这个告知的标识就是Content-Type,比如Content-Type:text/html
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/webp webp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
font/woff woff;
font/woff2 woff2;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
pptx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
docx;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
动静分离的好处
nginx本身是一个高性能的静态web服务器。
静态文件有一个特点就是基本上变化不大,所以动静分离以后我们可以对静态文件进行缓存,或者压缩提高网站性能。
缓存
当一个客户端请求web服务器,请求的内容可以从以下几个地方获取:服务器,浏览器缓存,或缓存服务器中。这取决于服务器端输出的页面信息。
浏览器缓存将文件保存在客户端,好的缓存策略可以减少网络宽带的占用,可以提高访问速度,提高用户的体验,还可以减轻服务器饿负担。
nginx缓存配置
Nginx可以通过expires设置缓存,比如我们可以针对图片做缓存,因为图片这类信息基本上不会改变。
在location中设置expires
格式:expires30s|m|h|d
location~.*.(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png|js|css|ico)${
root static;
expires 1d;
}
压缩
【Nginx】nginx的gzip压缩