Django基础，Day5 - form表单投票详解

投票URL

polls/urls.py：

1 2	# ex: /polls/5/vote/   url(r '^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$' , views.vote, name = 'vote' ),

创建投票form表单

polls/templates/polls/detail.html：

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< h1 >{{ question.question_text }}</ h1 >   {% if error_message %}< p >< strong >{{ error_message }}</ strong ></ p >{% endif %}   < form  action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">      {% csrf_token %}      {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}          < input  type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}"/>          < label  for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</ label >< br />      {% endfor %}      < input  type="submit" value="Vote"/> </ form >

代码解释：

 {{ forloop.counter }} : for 循环次数

{% csrf_token %} : 解决POST请求跨域问题 Cross Site Request Forgeries

{% if  %}  {% endif %}:判断

{% for  %} {% endfor %}:循环

投票Views 逻辑处理

投票 views vote in polls/views.py：

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from  django.http  import  HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect from  django.urls  import  reverse   def  vote(request, question_id):      question  =  get_object_or_404(Question, pk = question_id)      try :          selected_choice  =  question.choice_set.get(pk = request.POST[ 'choice' ])      except  (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):          # Redisplay the question voting form.          return  render(request,  'polls/detail.html' , {              'question' : question,              'error_message' :  "You didn't select a choice." ,          })      else :          selected_choice.votes  + =  1          selected_choice.save()          # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing          # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a          # user hits the Back button.          return  HttpResponseRedirect(reverse( 'polls:results' , args = (question. id ,)))

代码解释：

request.POST,request.GET： 分别可获得POST或GET方法的参数值，如上 request.POST['choice'] 可取得POST请求中，name值为choice的Value值。若POST参数中没有choice，则会产生KeyError。

HttpResponseRedirect：重定向跳转，提交成功后进行自动重定向跳转是web 开发的一个良好实践。防止数据提交两次。

投票结果页 Views 逻辑处理

views results in polls/views.py:

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from  django.shortcuts  import  get_object_or_404, render   def  results(request, question_id):      question  =  get_object_or_404(Question, pk = question_id)      return  render(request,  'polls/results.html' , { 'question' : question})

投票结果显示 template

polls/templates/polls/results.html：

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< h1 >{{ question.question_text }}</ h1 >   < ul >      {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}          < li >{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</ li >      {% endfor %} </ ul >   < a  href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</ a >

实现结果

1、访问detail.html：http://localhost:8000/polls/1/

2、选择后，点击vote投票，跳转到结果页 results.html