JDBC小结

0.介绍

JDBC(Java DataBase Connectivity,Java数据库连接)是SUN公司制定的一套接口,接口大多在java.sql.*下。

想要通过JDBC连接数据库需要配置mysql的驱动依赖。

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>

从JDBC4.0(JDK6)开始不再需要主动加载驱动。JDBC4.0的驱动jar文件必须包含一个java.sql.Driver,它位于jar文件的META-INF/services目录下。这个文件里每一行便描述了一个对应的驱动类。在启动项目或是服务时,会判断当前classspath中的所的jar包,并检查他们META-INF目录下,是否包含services文件夹,如果包含,就会将里面的配置加载成相应的服务。

1.查询

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            // (1)createStatement只能在SQL中拼接参数,容易造成SQL注入;
            // Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
            // ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT id, name, gender, grade, score FROM students WHERE gender=1");
            // (2)prepareStatement 可以在SQL中用?替换变量,保证SQL安全问题,防止SQL注入
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT name, gender, grade, score FROM students WHERE gender=? AND grade=?");
            ps.setObject(1, "M"); // 注意:索引从1开始
            ps.setObject(2, 3);
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
            while (rs.next()) {
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                int  gender = rs.getInt("gender");
                int grade = rs.getInt("grade");
                int score = rs.getInt("score");
                System.out.println(name + ' ' + gender + ' ' + grade + ' ' + score + ' ');
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Problem getting connection"+ e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                System.out.println("Problem closing connection"+e);
            }
        }
    }
}

2.插入

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class B {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO students (name, gender, grade, score) VALUES (?,?,?,?)",Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            int i = 1;
            ps.setObject(i++, "Mack");
            ps.setObject(i++, 0);
            ps.setObject(i++, 5);
            ps.setObject(i++, 100);
            int n = ps.executeUpdate(); // 1
            ResultSet rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
            if (rs.next()) {
                long id = rs.getLong(1);
                System.out.println(id);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Problem getting connection"+ e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                System.out.println("Problem closing connection"+e);
            }
        }
    }
}

3.更新

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class C {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("UPDATE students SET name=? WHERE id=?");
            int i = 1;
            ps.setObject(i++, "Jack"); // 注意:索引从1开始
            ps.setObject(i++, 1);
            int n = ps.executeUpdate(); // 返回更新的行数
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Problem getting connection"+ e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                System.out.println("Problem closing connection"+e);
            }
        }
    }
}

4.删除

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class D {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM students WHERE id=?");
            int i = 1;
            ps.setObject(i++, 1);
            int n = ps.executeUpdate(); // 返回更新的行数
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Problem getting connection"+ e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                System.out.println("Problem closing connection"+e);
            }
        }
    }
}

5.事务

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class E {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            PreparedStatement ps1 = conn.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM students WHERE id=?");
            ps1.setObject(1, 4);
            int n1 = ps1.executeUpdate(); // 返回更新的行数
            System.out.println(n1);

            PreparedStatement ps2 = conn.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM students WHERE id=?");
            ps2.setObject(1, 4);
            int n2 = ps2.executeUpdate(); // 返回更新的行数
            System.out.println(n2);
            conn.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            conn.rollback();
        } finally {
            conn.setAutoCommit(true);
            conn.close();
        }
    }
}

6.批处理

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class F {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        String JDBC_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc";
        String JDBC_USER = "root";
        String JDBC_PASSWORD = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        try {
        	// 查看驱动
            Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
            while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
                System.out.println(drivers.nextElement());
            }
            // 获取连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(JDBC_URL, JDBC_USER, JDBC_PASSWORD);
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM students WHERE id=?");
            int[] i1 = new int[]{5,6,7,8,9,10};
            for (int i : i1) {
                ps.setObject(1, i);
                ps.addBatch();
            }
            int[] n1 = ps.executeBatch(); // 返回更新的行数
            System.out.println(n1);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
        } finally {
            conn.close();
        }
    }
}

7.JDBC连接池

JDBC连接池有一个标准的接口javax.sql.DataSource,注意这个类位于Java标准库中,但仅仅是接口。要使用JDBC连接池,我们必须选择一个JDBC连接池的实现。常用的JDBC连接池有:

  • HikariCP
  • DBCP(BasicDataSurce)
  • C3P0
  • BoneCP
  • Druid
<dependencies>
	<dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
            <artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 如不加载slf4j,HikariCP会报错 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.25</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>
import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariConfig;
import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;

public class dataSource {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
        config.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learnjdbc");
        config.setUsername("root");
        config.setPassword("123456");
        config.addDataSourceProperty("connectionTimeout", "1000"); // 连接超时:1秒
        config.addDataSourceProperty("idleTimeout", "60000"); // 空闲超时:60秒
        config.addDataSourceProperty("maximumPoolSize", "10"); // 最大连接数:10
        DataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = ds.getConnection();
            PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT id,name FROM t1 WHERE id=? AND name=?");
            ps.setInt(1, 1); // 注意:索引从1开始
            ps.setString(2, "h");
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
            while (rs.next()) {
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                System.out.println("" + id + " " + name);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Problem getting connection"+ e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (conn != null) {
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                System.out.println("Problem closing connection"+e);
            }
        }
    }
}

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