数位DP

目录

一，数位DP

二，模板实战

黑暗爆炸 Blinker的仰慕者

力扣 233. 数字 1 的个数

面试题 17.06. 2出现的次数

力扣 660. 移除 9

力扣 1215. 步进数

三，其他OJ实战

CSU 1642 Problem B

ACdream 1156 LCP SUM

力扣 2719. 统计整数数目

力扣 1012. 至少有 1 位重复的数字

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一，数位DP

有一类奇特的DP问题，对象空间是一个整数集，而解空间是把每一位作为一维，在这样的高维空间内完成DP，这类问题叫数位DP

模板：

template<typename Tin, typename Tkey = Tin>
class DpNum {
public:
	DpNum(long long p = 1000000007) {
		this->p = p;
		um.clear();
		usum.clear();
	}
	// 求d进制下，[0,m]内满足条件的数的数量、总和
	void run(int d, long long m, long long& num, long long& s) {
		long long mi = 1;
		int len = 1;
		while (mi <= m / d)mi *= d, len++;
		num = 0;
		s = 0;
		cal(d, len, mi, m, init(), num, s);
	}
protected:
	//以i开头，长为len，i前面的状态为in,是否可能有解
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		if (len <= 1)return false;
		return true;
	}
	//初始状态
	virtual Tin init() {
		return Tin{};
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return in;
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return Tkey{};
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		return 0;
	}
	// um[i][j][k]是以i开头，长为j的所有数中，满足k条件的数目
	unordered_map<long long, unordered_map<long long, map<Tkey, long long>>>um;
	unordered_map<long long, unordered_map<long long, map<Tkey, long long>>>usum;
	long long p;
private:
	//mi是d的len-1次方，mi<=m<mi*d，求d进制下，以i开头，长为len，i前面的状态为in的所有数中，满足条件的数的数量、总和
	void dp(int d, int len, long long mi, int i, const Tin& in) {
		if (!len)return;
		if (um[i][len].find(getKey(in)) != um[i][len].end())return;
		long long num = 0;
		long long s = 0;
		Tin newIn = getNewIn(d, len, mi, in, i);
		if (len > 1) {			
			for (int i2 = 0; i2 <= 9; i2++) {				
				if (!check(d, len-1, newIn, i2))continue;
				dp(d, len - 1, mi / d, i2, newIn);
				long long n = um[i2][len - 1][getKey(newIn)];
				num = (num + n) % p;
				s = (s + mi * i % p * n + usum[i2][len - 1][getKey(newIn)]) % p;
			}
		}
		else {
			num = getNum(d, newIn) % p;
			s = i * num % p;
		}
		um[i][len][getKey(in)] = num;
		usum[i][len][getKey(in)] = s;
	}
	//mi是d的len-1次方，mi<=m<mi*d，求d进制下，[0,m]内满足条件的数的数量、总和
	void cal(int d, int len, long long mi, int m, const Tin& in, long long& num, long long& s) {
		if (!len) {
			num += getNum(d, in);
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < m / mi; i++) {
			if (!check(d, len, in, i))continue;
			dp(d, len, mi, i, in);
			num = (num + um[i][len][getKey(in)]) % p;
			s = (s + usum[i][len][getKey(in)]) % p;
		}
		if (!check(d, len, in, m / mi))return;
		Tin newIn = getNewIn(d, len, mi, in, m / mi);
		long long oldNum = num;
		cal(d, len - 1, mi / d, m % mi, newIn, num, s);
		s = (s + (num - oldNum) * (m / mi * mi)) % p;
	}
};

模板优点：抽象的比较好

模板缺点：对于比较大的测试数据，如果一直用同一个对象，内存会炸，如果一直换对象，时间会超。

二，模板实战

黑暗爆炸 Blinker的仰慕者

题目：

Description
Blinker 有非常多的仰慕者，他给每个仰慕者一个正整数编号。而且这些编号还隐藏着特殊的意义，即编号的各位数字之积表示这名仰慕者对Blinker的重要度。 现在Blinker想知道编号介于某两个值A,B之间，且重要度为某个定值K的仰慕者编号和。 

Input

输入的第一行是一个整数N，表示Blinker想知道的信息个数。 
接下来的N行，每行有三个数，A,B,K。表示 Blinker想知道编号介于A和B之间的，
重要度为K的仰慕者的编号和。           

Output
输出N行，每行输出介于A和B之间，重要度为 K的仰慕者编号和。结果可能很大，
模上20120427。 

Sample Input

3
1 14 4
1 30 4
10 60 5
0<=K<=10^18

Sample Output

18
40
66
【样例解释】
第一组样例中，在 1到14之间各位数字之积等于 4的有 4和 14，故编号和为18。

HINT

【数据范围】 

对于20%的数据，保证：  2<=A<=B<=1000000000，1<=N<=30 

对于50%的数据，保证：2<=A<=B<=1000000000000000000，1<=N<=30 

对于100%的数据，保证：  2<=A<=B<=1000000000000000000，1<=N<=5000

不用模板的代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<map>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
 
int p = 20120427;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pairll;
map<pairll, ll>maps;
map<pairll, ll>::iterator it;
 
ll num1(ll n, ll k)//n到2n-1中积为k的个数,n为10的幂
{
	if (n == 1)return k == 1;
	ll sum = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++)if (k%i == 0)sum += num1(n / 10, k / i);
	return sum % p;
}
 
ll num2(ll b, ll k)//1到b中积为k的个数
{
	if (b <= 0 || k == 0)return 0;
	if (b < k)return 0;
	if (b < 10)return 1;
	it = maps.find(make_pair(b, k));
	if (it != maps.end())return it->second;
	ll m = 1;
	while (m * 10 <= b)m *= 10;
	ll h = b / m, sum = num2(m - 1, k);
	for (int i = 1; i < h; i++)if (k%i == 0)sum += num1(m, k / i);
	if (k%h == 0)sum += num2(b%m, k / h) - num2(m / 10 - 1, k / h);
	it = maps.begin();
	pairll temp = make_pair(b, k);
	maps.insert(it, make_pair(temp, sum%p));
	return sum % p;
}
 
ll ans(ll b, ll k)//1到b中积为k的所有数的和
{
	if (b <= 0 || k == 0)return 0;
	if (b < 10)return (k < 10)*k;
	ll m = 1;
	while (m * 10 <= b)m *= 10;
	ll h = b / m, sum = 0;
	sum = ans(m - 1, k);
	for (int i = 1; i < h; i++)if (k%i == 0)sum += num1(m, k / i)*i*m%p + ans(m - 1, k / i) - ans(m / 10 - 1, k / i);
	if (k%h == 0)sum += (num2(b%m, k / h) - num2(m / 10 - 1, k / h))*h*m%p + ans(b%m, k / h) - ans(m / 10 - 1, k / h);
	return sum % p;
}
 
int main()
{
	int n;
	ll a, b, k;
	cin >> n;
	while (n--)
	{
		cin >> a >> b >> k;
		cout << (ans(b, k) + p - ans(a - 1, k)) % p << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

数据太大了会超时

用模板的代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<map>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;

......

using Tin = pair<long long, long long>;
using Tkey = long long;
class Solution :public DpNum<Tin, Tkey> {
public:
	Solution() : DpNum<Tin, Tkey>(20120427) {
	}
	int cal(long long n, long long k) {
		this->k = k;
		long long num, s;
		run(10, n, num,s);
		return s;
	}
	long long k;
	//以i开头，长为len，i前面的状态为in,是否可能有解
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		if (len <= 0 || k%in.first)return false;
		if (in.second)return i && k / in.first % i == 0;
		return i == 0 || k / in.first % i == 0;
	}
	//初始状态
	virtual Tin init() {
		long long multi = 1;
		long long num = 0;
		return Tin{ multi,num };
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		long long multi = i ? in.first * i : 1;
		long long num = i ? in.second * d + i : 0;
		return Tin{ multi,num };
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return k / in.first * 2 + (in.second > 0);
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		if (in.first == k)return 1;
		return 0;
	}
};


int main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	int n;
	long long a, b, k;
	cin >> n;
	long long p = 20120427;	
	while (n--)
	{
		cin >> a >> b >> k;
		int k2 = k;
		while (k2 % 2 == 0)k2 /= 2;
		while (k2 % 3 == 0)k2 /= 3;
		while (k2 % 5 == 0)k2 /= 5;
		while (k2 % 5 == 0)k2 /= 5;
		if(k2>1)cout<<0<< '\n';
		else {
			Solution opt;
			cout << (opt.cal(b, k) + p - opt.cal(a - 1, k)) % p << '\n';
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

还是数据太大了会超时，不过算的结果应该都是对的。

力扣 233. 数字 1 的个数

给定一个整数 n，计算所有小于等于 n 的非负整数中数字 1 出现的个数。

示例 1：

输入：n = 13
输出：6

示例 2：

输入：n = 0
输出：0

提示：

• 0 <= n <= 109

using Tin = long long;
using Tkey = long long;
class Solution :public DpNum<Tin, Tkey> {
public:
	Solution():DpNum(1234567898765){}
	int countDigitOne(int n) {
		long long num, s;
		run(10, n,num,s);
		return num;
	}
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return true;
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return in + (i == 1);
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
};

面试题 17.06. 2出现的次数

编写一个方法，计算从 0 到 n (含 n) 中数字 2 出现的次数。

示例:

输入: 25
输出: 9
解释: (2, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)(注意 22 应该算作两次)

提示：

• n <= 10^9

using Tin = long long;
using Tkey = long long;
class Solution :public DpNum<Tin, Tkey> {
public:
	Solution():DpNum(1234567898765){}
	int numberOf2sInRange(int n) {
		long long num, s;
		run(10, n,num,s);
		return num;
	}
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return true;
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return in + (i == 2);
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
};

力扣 660. 移除 9

从 1 开始，移除所有包含数字 9 的所有整数，例如 9，19，29，……

这样就获得了一个新的整数数列：1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，10，11，……

给定正整数 n，请你返回新数列中第 n 个数字是多少。1 是新数列中的第一个数字。

样例 1:

输入: 9
输出: 10
 

注释 ：n 不会超过 9 x 10^8。

using Tin = long long;
using Tkey = long long;
class Solution :public DpNum<Tin, Tkey> {
public:
	Solution() :DpNum(1234567898765) {}
	int newInteger(int n) {
		long long low = 0, high = INT_MAX;
		while (high - low > 1) {
			int mid = (high + low) / 2;
			if (mid - countDigitNine(mid) >= n)high = mid;
			else low = mid;
		}
		return high;
	}
	int countDigitNine(int n) {
		long long num, s;
		run(10, n, num, s);
		return num;
	}
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return true;
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		return in + (i == 9);
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		return in>0;
	}
};

力扣 1215. 步进数

如果一个整数上的每一位数字与其相邻位上的数字的绝对差都是 1，那么这个数就是一个「步进数」。

例如，321 是一个步进数，而 421 不是。

给你两个整数，low 和 high，请你找出在 [low, high] 范围内的所有步进数，并返回 排序后 的结果。

示例：

输入：low = 0, high = 21
输出：[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,21]

提示：

• 0 <= low <= high <= 2 * 10^9

先用模板：

using Tin = long long;
using Tkey = long long;
class Solution :public DpNum<Tin, Tkey> {
public:
	vector<int> f(int m) {
		v.clear();
		long long num, s;
		run(10, m, num, s);
		return v;
	}
	vector<int>v;
	//以i开头，长为len，i前面的状态为in,是否可能有解
	virtual bool check(int d, int len, const Tin& in, int i) {
		if (in == 0)return true;
		return i == in % d + 1 || i == in % d - 1;
	}
	//前置状态末尾增加i，变成新的状态
	virtual Tin getNewIn(int d, int len, long long mi, const Tin& in, int i) {
		if (in == 0)return i;
		return in * d + i;
	}
	//从状态中提取key
	virtual Tkey getKey(const Tin& in) {
		return in;
	}
	//统计答案
	virtual long long getNum(int d, const Tin& in) {
		v.push_back(in);
		return 0;
	}
};



int main()
{
	int n = 2000000000;
	Solution opt;
	opt.f(n);
	for (auto x : opt.v)cout << x << ",";
	return 0;
}

然后二次编程：

vector<int>v{
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	787878765,787878767,787878787,787878789,787878987,787878989,787898765,787898767,787898787,787898789,787898987,787898989,789876543,789876545,789876565,789876567,789876765,789876767,789876787,789876789,789878765,789878767,789878787,789878789,789878987,789878989,789898765,789898767,789898787,789898789,789898987,789898989,876543210,876543212,876543232,876543234,876543432,876543434,876543454,876543456,876545432,876545434,876545454,876545456,876545654,876545656,876545676,876545678,876565432,876565434,876565454,876565456,876565654,876565656,876565676,876565678,876567654,876567656,876567676,876567678,876567876,876567878,876567898,876765432,876765434,876765454,876765456,876765654,876765656,876765676,876765678,876767654,876767656,876767676,876767678,876767876,876767878,876767898,876787654,876787656,876787676,876787678,876787876,876787878,876787898,876789876,876789878,876789898,878765432,878765434,878765454,878765456,878765654,878765656,878765676,878765678,878767654,878767656,878767676,878767678,878767876,878767878,878767898,878787654,878787656,878787676,878787678,878787876,878787878,878787898,878789876,878789878,878789898,878987654,878987656,878987676,878987678,878987876,878987878,878987898,878989876,878989878,878989898,898765432,898765434,898765454,898765456,898765654,898765656,898765676,898765678,898767654,898767656,898767676,898767678,898767876,898767878,898767898,898787654,898787656,898787676,898787678,898787876,898787878,898787898,898789876,898789878,898789898,898987654,898987656,898987676,898987678,898987876,898987878,898987898,898989876,898989878,898989898,987654321,987654323,987654343,987654345,987654543,987654545,987654565,987654567,987656543,987656545,987656565,987656567,987656765,987656767,987656787,987656789,987676543,987676545,987676565,987676567,987676765,987676767,987676787,987676789,987678765,987678767,987678787,987678789,987678987,987678989,987876543,987876545,987876565,987876567,987876765,987876767,987876787,987876789,987878765,987878767,987878787,987878789,987878987,987878989,987898765,987898767,987898787,987898789,987898987,987898989,989876543,989876545,989876565,989876567,989876765,989876767,989876787,989876789,989878765,989878767,989878787,989878789,989878987,989878989,989898765,989898767,989898787,989898789,989898987,989898989,1010101010,1010101012,1010101210,1010101212,1010101232,1010101234,1010121010,1010121012,1010121210,1010121212,1010121232,1010121234,1010123210,1010123212,1010123232,1010123234,1010123432,1010123434,1010123454,1010123456,1012101010,1012101012,1012101210,1012101212,1012101232,1012101234,1012121010,1012121012,1012121210,1012121212,1012121232,1012121234,1012123210,1012123212,1012123232,1012123234,1012123432,1012123434,1012123454,1012123456,1012321010,1012321012,1012321210,1012321212,1012321232,1012321234,1012323210,1012323212,1012323232,1012323234,1012323432,1012323434,1012323454,1012323456,1012343210,1012343212,1012343232,1012343234,1012343432,1012343434,1012343454,1012343456,1012345432,1012345434,1012345454,1012345456,1012345654,1012345656,1012345676,1012345678,1210101010,1210101012,1210101210,1210101212,1210101232,1210101234,1210121010,1210121012,1210121210,1210121212,1210121232,1210121234,1210123210,1210123212,1210123232,1210123234,1210123432,1210123434,1210123454,1210123456,1212101010,1212101012,1212101210,1212101212,1212101232,1212101234,1212121010,1212121012,1212121210,1212121212,1212121232,1212121234,1212123210,1212123212,1212123232,1212123234,1212123432,1212123434,1212123454,1212123456,1212321010,1212321012,1212321210,1212321212,1212321232,1212321234,1212323210,1212323212,1212323232,1212323234,1212323432,1212323434,1212323454,1212323456,1212343210,1212343212,1212343232,1212343234,1212343432,1212343434,1212343454,1212343456,1212345432,1212345434,1212345454,1212345456,1212345654,1212345656,1212345676,1212345678,1232101010,1232101012,1232101210,1232101212,1232101232,1232101234,1232121010,1232121012,1232121210,1232121212,1232121232,1232121234,1232123210,1232123212,1232123232,1232123234,1232123432,1232123434,1232123454,1232123456,1232321010,1232321012,1232321210,1232321212,1232321232,1232321234,1232323210,1232323212,1232323232,1232323234,1232323432,1232323434,1232323454,1232323456,1232343210,1232343212,1232343232,1232343234,1232343432,1232343434,1232343454,1232343456,1232345432,1232345434,1232345454,1232345456,1232345654,1232345656,1232345676,1232345678,1234321010,1234321012,1234321210,1234321212,1234321232,1234321234,1234323210,1234323212,
	1234323232,1234323234,1234323432,1234323434,1234323454,1234323456,1234343210,1234343212,1234343232,1234343234,1234343432,1234343434,1234343454,1234343456,1234345432,1234345434,1234345454,1234345456,1234345654,1234345656,1234345676,1234345678,1234543210,1234543212,1234543232,1234543234,1234543432,1234543434,1234543454,1234543456,1234545432,1234545434,1234545454,1234545456,1234545654,1234545656,1234545676,1234545678,1234565432,1234565434,1234565454,1234565456,1234565654,1234565656,1234565676,1234565678,1234567654,1234567656,1234567676,1234567678,1234567876,1234567878,1234567898
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> countSteppingNumbers(int low, int high) {
        vector<int>ans;
        for (auto x : v) {
            if (x < low)continue;
            if (x > high)break;
            ans.push_back(x);
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

三，其他OJ实战

CSU 1642 Problem B

题目：

Description

已知两个正整数a和b，求在a与b之间（包含a和b）的所有整数的十进制表示中1出现的次数。

Input

多组数据(不超过100000组)，每组数据2个整数a，b.(1≤a,b≤1000000).

Output

每组数据的答案占一行。

Sample Input

1 10
10 100
2 1

Sample Output

2
20
1

思路：基本的数位DP

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
 
int g(int n)//n有多少个1
{
	int r = 0;
	while (n)r += (n % 10 == 1), n /= 10;
	return r;
}
 
int f(int n)//1到n有多少个1
{
	if (n == 0)return 0;
	return (n + 9) / 10 + f(n / 10) * 10 - g(n / 10)*(9 - n % 10);
}
 
int main()
{
	int a, b;
	while (scanf("%d%d",&a,&b)!=EOF)
	{
		if (a > b)a ^= b ^= a ^= b;
		printf("%d\n", f(b) - f(a - 1));
	}
	return 0;
}

ACdream 1156 LCP SUM

题目：

long long ans = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
     ans += lcp(i - 1,i)

给出n，求ans

lcp(i - 1,i)指的是两个数字的最长公共前缀，比如lcp(2,3) = 0,lcp(10,11) = 1,lcp(12345,12346) = 1234

Input

多组数据，每组数据一个n (1 <= n <= 10^9)

Output

对于每个n，输出一行，求得的ans

Sample Input

10
11
12
22
100

Sample Output

0
1
2
13
405

Hint

数据组数<=50000

需要注意的是109-110这种情况，lcp(109,110)=lcp(10,11)

本质上是数位DP

代码：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
 
long long lcpsum(int n)
{
	if (n < 10)return 0;
	long long l = n / 10;
	return (l - 1)*l / 2 * 9 + l * (n % 10) + lcpsum(l);
}
 
int main()
{
	int n;
	while (cin >> n)cout << lcpsum(n) << endl;
	return 0;
}

力扣 2719. 统计整数数目

给你两个数字字符串 num1 和 num2 ，以及两个整数 max_sum 和 min_sum 。如果一个整数 x 满足以下条件，我们称它是一个好整数：

• num1 <= x <= num2
• min_sum <= digit_sum(x) <= max_sum.

请你返回好整数的数目。答案可能很大，请返回答案对 109 + 7 取余后的结果。

注意，digit_sum(x) 表示 x 各位数字之和。

示例 1：

输入：num1 = "1", num2 = "12", min_num = 1, max_num = 8
输出：11
解释：总共有 11 个整数的数位和在 1 到 8 之间，分别是 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11 和 12 。所以我们返回 11 。

示例 2：

输入：num1 = "1", num2 = "5", min_num = 1, max_num = 5
输出：5
解释：数位和在 1 到 5 之间的 5 个整数分别为 1,2,3,4 和 5 。所以我们返回 5 。

提示：

• 1 <= num1 <= num2 <= 1022
• 1 <= min_sum <= max_sum <= 400

class Solution {
public:
    Solution() {
        m.clear();
        m.resize(23);
        for (auto& mi : m) {
            mi.resize(200);
            for (auto& mii : mi) {
                mii.resize(200, -1);
            }
        }
    }
    int count(string num1, string num2, int min_sum, int max_sum) {
        long long ans = count(num2, min_sum, max_sum) - count(num1, min_sum, max_sum);
        int s = 0;
        for (auto c : num1)s += c - '0';
        if (min_sum <= s && s <= max_sum)ans++;
        return (ans % p + p) % p;
    }
    int count(string s, int min_sum, int max_sum)//从0到n满足digit_sum的数目
    {
        if (max_sum < 0)return 0;
        if (max_sum > s.length() * 9)max_sum = s.length() * 9;
        int x = s[0] - '0';
        long long ans = 0;
        if (s.length() > 1) {
            ans = count(s.substr(1, s.length() - 1), min_sum - x, max_sum - x);
            for (int i = 0; i < x; i++)ans += count(s.length() - 1, min_sum - i, max_sum - i);
        }
        else {
            for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)ans+= (min_sum <= i && i <= max_sum);
        }
        return ans%p;
    }
    int count(int k, int min_sum, int max_sum)//从0到10^k-1满足digit_sum的数目
    {
        if (min_sum < 0)return count(k,0, max_sum);
        if (max_sum < min_sum)return 0;
        if (max_sum > k * 9)return count(k, min_sum, k * 9);
        if (m[k][min_sum][max_sum]!=-1)return m[k][min_sum][max_sum];
        if (k <= 0)return (min_sum <= 0 && 0 <= max_sum);
        long long ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)ans += count(k - 1, min_sum - i, max_sum - i);
        return m[k][min_sum][max_sum]=ans%p;
    }
    int p = 1000000007;
    vector<vector<vector<int>>>m;
};

力扣 1012. 至少有 1 位重复的数字

给定正整数 n，返回在 [1, n] 范围内具有 至少 1 位 重复数字的正整数的个数。

示例 1：

输入：n = 20
输出：1
解释：具有至少 1 位重复数字的正数（<= 20）只有 11 。

示例 2：

输入：n = 100
输出：10
解释：具有至少 1 位重复数字的正数（<= 100）有 11，22，33，44，55，66，77，88，99 和 100 。

示例 3：

输入：n = 1000
输出：262

提示：

• 1 <= n <= 109

思路：

有2种思路，第一种是数位DP，第二种是二次编码。

我这里展示二次编码的解法。

首先运行：

int main()
{
	//freopen("D:/out6.txt", "w", stdout);
	int s = 0;
	cout << 0 << ",";
	for (int i = 1; i <= 10000000; i++) {
		vector<int>v(10);
		int n = i, k = 0;
		while (n) {
			if (v[n % 10]) {
				k = 1;
				break;
			}
			v[n % 10] = 1;
			n /= 10;
		}
		if (k==0)s++;
		if (i % 200000 == 0)cout << s << ",";
		if (i % 2000000 == 0)cout << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

输出一个长500行的矩阵，然后把这个直接复制到新的代码：

class Solution {
public:
	int numDupDigitsAtMostN(int n) {
		vector<int>v{0,
			47610,77850,108090,138330,168570,175290,188730,202170,215610,229050,
242490,249210,262650,276090,289530,302970,309690,323130,336570,350010,
363450,376890,383610,397050,410490,423930,437370,444090,457530,470970,
484410,497850,511290,518010,531450,544890,558330,571770,578490,591930,
......省略很多行
5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,
5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,
5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770,5611770
		};
		int x = n / 200000;
		int ans = v[x];
		for (int i = x * 200000 + 1; i <= n; i++){
            vector<int>v(10);
            int n = i, k = 0;
            while (n) {
                if (v[n % 10]) {
                    k = 1;
                    break;
                }
                v[n % 10] = 1;
                n /= 10;
            }
            if (k==0)ans++;
        }
		return n-ans;
	};
};

这样，每次最多只需要判定200000个数即可。