DI依赖注入

DI依赖注入

概念：

依赖注入（Dependency Injection,DI）。

依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 。

注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 。

分类

1. 构造器注入

创建Person类

/*
创建Person类
构造器注入
 */
public class Person {
    //注入对象
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;

    public Person(String name, int age, String sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

在这里插入代码片

application.xml配置

<!--构造器注入-->
    <bean id="person" class="com.yoda.pojo.Person">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="huahua"/>
        <constructor-arg name="age" value = "20"/>
        <constructor-arg name="sex" value="male"/>
    </bean>

测试

/*
测试构造器注入
 */
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        Person person = (Person)context.getBean("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

2. set注入(重点）

要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法 , set方法的方法名由set + 属性首字母大写 , 如果属性是boolean类型 , 没有set方法 , 是 is .

测试pojo类 :
Address.java

在这里插入代码片//set注入

//引用对象
public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

Student.java

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String dog; //空指针
    private Properties info;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public void setDog(String dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name="+ name
                + ",address="+ address.getAddress()
                + ",books="
        );
        for (String book:books){
            System.out.print("<<"+book+">>\t");
        }
        System.out.println("\n爱好:"+hobbies);

        System.out.println("card:"+card);

        System.out.println("games:"+games);

        System.out.println("dog:"+dog);

        System.out.println("info:"+info);

    }
}

• 常量注入

 <bean id="stu" class="com.yoda.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一种：（普通值）常量注入  value-->
        <property name="name" value="香茗"/>
        </bean>

测试

/*
测试set注入
 */
public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        Student student =(Student) context.getBean("stu");
        System.out.println(student.getName());   
        }
}

• Bean注入

<!--第二种：bean注入  这里的值是引用 ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="add"/>

• 数组注入

 <!--数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>海底两万里</value>
                <value>老人与海</value>
                <value>海边的卡夫卡</value>
            </array>
        </property>

• List注入

 <!--list注入-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>看书</value>
                <value>听音乐</value>
                <value>写小说</value>
            </list>
        </property>

• Map注入

<!--map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="23342343242342"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="23432423423423"/>
            </map>
        </property>

• set注入

<!--set注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>音乐</value>
                <value>竞技</value>
                <value>格斗</value>
            </set>
        </property>

• Null注入

<!--null注入-->
        <property name="dog">
            <null/>
        </property>

• properties注入

 <!--Properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">232323</prop>
                <prop key="性别">女</prop>
                <prop key="能力">强者</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

测试

/*
测试set注入
 */
public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
        Student student =(Student) context.getBean("stu");
        student.show();
    }
}

p命名和c命名注入(扩展）

User.java

/*
注意：这里没有有参构造器
 */
public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

1. P命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

<!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法
    p空间注入  需导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.yoda.pojo.User" p:name="huahau" p:age="20"/>

2. C命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

 <!--C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法
    c空间注入 导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
    -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.yoda.pojo.User" c:name="huahau" c:age="20"/>

注意点：需要写入有参构造器，否则报红！

测试

/*
p/c命名注入
 */
public class MyTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml");
        User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}