ServletContext 对象

ServletContext 对象代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

一、获取方法

（1）通过 request 对象获取：request.getServletContext();
（2）通过 HttpServlet 获取：this.getServletContext(); -- 更常用

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*

            ServletContext对象获取：
                1. 通过request对象获取
			        request.getServletContext();
                2. 通过HttpServlet获取
                    this.getServletContext();
         */
        
        //1. 通过request对象获取
        ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(context1);
        System.out.println(context2);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

二、功能

1. 获取 MIME 类型：

* MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
* 格式： 大类型/小类型
	* 例如 text/html，image/jpeg

* 获取：String getMimeType(String file)  

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //3. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg

        //4.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

2. 域对象：共享数据

（1）setAttribute(String name,Object value)
（2）getAttribute(String name)
（3）removeAttribute(String name)

* ServletContext对象范围：所有用户所有请求的数据

和 request 共享数据一样，但是比 request 作用范围更广，所以需要谨慎使用

3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

方法：String getRealPath(String path)  
				 
* String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
		   
* String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
		    
* String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问

@WebServlet("/demo")
public class ResponseServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String path1 = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");
        String path2 = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");
        String path3 = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");
        System.out.println("a.txt --> " + path1);
        System.out.println("b.txt --> " + path2);
        System.out.println("c.txt --> " + path3);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

这里显示的服务器项目保存的路径