一、通常以属性(.)访问
class C:
def __init__(self):
self.x = 'X-man'
二、通过property()函数访问
class Test:
def __init__(self, size=10):
self.size = size
def getSize(self):
return self.size
def setSize(self,value):
self.size = value
def delSize(self):
del self.size
x = property(getSize,setSize,delSize)
三、属性相关的魔法方法
魔法方法 | 含义 |
---|---|
__getattr__(self, item) | 定义当用户试图访问获取一个不存在的属性时的行为 |
__getattribute__(self, item) | 定义当该类的属性被访问时的行为 |
__setattr__(self, key, value) | 定义当一个属性被设置时的行为 |
__delattr__(self, item) | 定义当一个属性被删除时的行为 |
示例1:
class D:
def __getattribute__(self, name):
print('getattribute')
# 使用super()调用object基类的__getattribute__()方法
return super().__getattribute__(name)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
print('setattr')
super().__setattr__(name, value)
def __delattr__(self, name):
print('delattr')
super().__delattr__(name)
def __getattr__(self, name):
print('getattr')
示例2:
class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, width=0, height=0):
self.width = width
self.height = height
# __setattr__()定义一个属性被设置时的行为
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
if key == 'square':
self.width = value
self.height = value
else:
# self.name = value
# 当给self.width和self.height赋值时,触发__setattr__()魔法方法
# 于是执行else下面的语句,如果此处写self.name = value
#就又变成self.width = value,相当于反复触发__setattr__()方法形成死循环
super().__setattr__(key,value)
#等价于self.__dict__[name] = value
def getArea(self):
return self.width * self.height