爬取豆瓣电影 Top250 电影并存储到 Excel 表中

一、前期准备

1. 观察网页 url 或者通过最下面的分页审查元素：
   
   发现规律，0-25-50。。。递增，以此确定爬取 page 页码
2. 确定爬取的内容
   名称、图片、排名、评分、作者、简介
   

二、代码

1. 请求网页代码：

# 请求豆瓣电影
def request_douban(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text
    except requests.RequestException:
        return None

2. 对爬取的结果进行分析：

# 对爬取的结果解析
def parse_result(html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
    rows = soup.find(class_='grid_view').find_all('li')
    bords = []
    for row in rows:
        board = {}
        board['name'] = row.find(class_='title').string
        board['img'] = row.find('a').find('img').get('src')
        board['index'] = row.find(class_='').string
        board['score'] = row.find(class_='rating_num').string
        board['author'] = row.find('p').text
        if(row.find(class_='inq') !=None):
            board['intr'] = row.find(class_='inq').string
        else:
            board['intr'] = '无'
        bords.append(board)
    return bords

这里有个点需要注意下，有些电影无简介，所以需要对 ‘intr’ 这里判断下
不然那就会出现如下错误：

3. 初始化 Excel 表

# 初始化 Excel
def excel_write(str):
    # 设置要存入的 Excel 表
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('豆瓣电影Top250')
    into = ['名称','图片','排名','评分','作者','简介']
    for i in range(len(into)):
        sheet.write(0,i,into[i])
    book.save(str)

4. 存储数据到 Excel 表中

def write_excel(boards,name):
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(name)
    sheets = workbook.sheet_names()
    worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0])
    rows_old = worksheet.nrows
    new_workbook = copy(workbook)
    new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(0)
    i = 0
    for borad in boards:
        n = i + rows_old
        new_worksheet.write(n,0,borad['name'])
        new_worksheet.write(n,1,borad['img'])
        new_worksheet.write(n,2, borad['index'])
        new_worksheet.write(n,3,borad['score'])
        new_worksheet.write(n,4,borad['author'])
        new_worksheet.write(n,5,borad['intr'])
        i +=1
    new_workbook.save(name)

5. 定义主函数

def main(page,name):
    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}&filter='.format(page*25)
    html = request_douban(url)
    boards = parse_result(html)
    write_excel(boards,name)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    Excel_name = '豆瓣最受欢迎的250部电影.xls'
    excel_write(Excel_name)
    # 爬取 10 页的数据
    for i in range(10):
        main(i,Excel_name)

成功图：