forward 和 redirect 区别

一、理论

* 转发的特点：forward
            1. 转发地址栏路径不变
            2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
            3. 转发是一次请求，可以使用request对象来共享数据

* 重定向的特点:redirect
            1. 地址栏发生变化
            2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
            3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据    
 

二、代码演示

2.1、forward转发

1、新建JavaEE项目

2、配置tomcat

3、新建RequestDemo8类，代码如下

/**
 * @Author wang
 * @Date 2022/5/8 20:04
 * @PackageName:${PACKAGE_NAME}
 * @ClassName: ${NAME}
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Demo8被访问量。。。。。。。。。");
        //存储数据到Request域中
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
        //转发到Demo9
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo9").forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

4、新建RequestDemo9类，代码如下

/**
 * @Author wang
 * @Date 2022/5/8 20:04
 * @PackageName:${PACKAGE_NAME}
 * @ClassName: ${NAME}
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
        System.out.println("Demo9被访问量。。。。。。。。。");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

5、浏览器访问RequestDemo8 这个地方地址栏是没有变化的 一次请求，一次URL

 6、控制台输出样式如下

7、验证是不是 `只能访问当前服务器下的资源`

注释代码——更改代码 如下图

//        request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo9").forward(request,response);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("https://baidu.com").forward(request,response);

 

 2.2、redirect 重定向

1、新建JavaEE项目

2、配置tomcat

3、新建ResponseDemo1类，代码如下

/**
 * @Author wang
 * @Date 2022/5/9 16:43
 * @PackageName:${PACKAGE_NAME}
 * @ClassName: ${NAME}
 * @Description: TODO Response重定向
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo1............");
        //访问/responseDemo1 会自动跳转/responseDemo2资源

       /* //设置状态码
        response.setStatus(302);
        //设置响应头location
        response.setHeader("location","/day15_response/responseDemo2");*/

        //简单的重定向方法
        response.sendRedirect("/day15_response/responseDemo2");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

4、新建ResponseDemo2类，代码如下

/**
 * @Author wang
 * @Date 2022/5/9 16:43
 * @PackageName:${PACKAGE_NAME}
 * @ClassName: ${NAME}
 * @Description: TODO
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo222222...........");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

5、浏览器访问responseDemo1这个地方地址栏是发生了变化 两次请求，两次URL

如图

 6、控制台输出样式如下

 

7、验证是不是 `可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源`

注释代码——修改代码

//        response.sendRedirect("/day15_response/responseDemo2");
        response.sendRedirect("https://baidu.com");

 

8、验证是不是`不能使用request对象来共享数据   `

在ResponseDemo1类中增加存储数据代码

request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

在ResponseDemo2类中增加获取数据代码 打印输出 如果为null 即为不能使用request对象来共享数据

Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);