第一行代码 第三章 ListView

ListView的demo在网上有很多，自己去找。。。
1、基本用法

<!-- main.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.sky.listviewdemo.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnNormal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:text="@string/normal" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnCustom"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:text="@string/custom" />

</LinearLayout>

// MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private Button btnNormal;
    private Button btnCustom;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        btnNormal = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnNormal);
        btnCustom = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCustom);
        btnNormal.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnCustom.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.btnNormal:
                normalListView();
                break;
            case R.id.btnCustom:
                customListView();
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    private void normalListView() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, NormalListViewActivity.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }

    private void customListView() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CustomListViewActivity.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

<!-- normal_list_view.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.sky.listviewdemo.NormalListViewActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        android:text="@string/normal_list"/>
    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:background="#000"/>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/normalListView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </ListView>
</LinearLayout>

// NormalListViewActivity 
public class NormalListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    private String[] listData = {
            "111","222","333","444","555",
            "666","777","888","999","000",
            "qqq","www","eee","rrr","ttt",
            "yyy","uuu","iii","ooo","ppp"
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.normal_list_view);

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(NormalListViewActivity.this,
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, listData);

        ListView listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.normalListView);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

从NormalListViewActivity中可以看出，显示listView只需要调用ListView的setAdapter()方法。
setAdapter()方法接收一个参数：adapter适配器
所以需要构建适配器就行了。
这里用了ArrayAdapter作为构建的适配器，它可以通过泛型来指定适配的数据类型。
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1是作为ListView子项布局的id,它是android内置的布局文件，里面只有一个TextView，用于显示一段文本。

所以，当我们使用自定义布局文件和自定义adapter时，就能够达到定制ListView的效果。

2、定制ListView

<!-- activity_custom_list_view -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.sky.listviewdemo.CustomListViewActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        android:text="@string/custom_list"/>

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:background="#000"/>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/customListView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

// CustomListViewActivity 
public class CustomListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

// 装载列表资源
    private int[] listData = {
            R.drawable.pic_1, R.drawable.pic_2, R.drawable.pic_3,
            R.drawable.pic_4, R.drawable.pic_5, R.drawable.pic_6,
            R.drawable.pic_7, R.drawable.pic_8, R.drawable.pic_9,
    };
// 将资源放到list中
    private List<YYPic> listItem = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_custom_list_view);
// 装载数据
        addItemData();
// 构建adapter
        PicAdapter adapter = new PicAdapter(CustomListViewActivity.this,
                R.layout.custom_list_item, listItem);
// 显示列表
        ListView listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.customListView);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void addItemData() {
        for(int i=0; i<listData.length; i++){
            YYPic pic = new YYPic(listData[i]);
            listItem.add(pic);
        }
    }
}

// 新建类，作为构建adapter的适配类型（就像ArrayAdaper<String>中的String类型）
public class YYPic {
// id作为图片资源的id项
    private int picId;

    public YYPic(int id){
        this.picId = id;
    }

    public int getPicId() {
        return picId;
    }
}

// 列表显示的布局内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/pic_item"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

// 自定义adapter，这个adapter继承ArrayAdapter，并将泛型指定为YYPic类
public class PicAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<YYPic> {

    private int resourceId;

    public PicAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<YYPic> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // 获取当前项的YYPic 实例
        YYPic pic = getItem(position);
        // 动态加载布局
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
        // 显示图片
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.pic_item);
        imageView.setImageResource(pic.getPicId());

        return view;
    }
}

优化1：
getView()方法，在每个子选项被滚动到屏幕内的时候被调用。
因此每次滚动屏幕的时候，都会加载布局文件。当快速滑动屏幕时，就会对性能产生影响。
解决方法：
它的第二个参数convertView，主要用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存，以便以后进行重用。这里就可以对convertView进行判断，如果为空则去加载布局，不为空则直接使用

// getView优化
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // 获取当前项的YYPic 实例
        YYPic pic = getItem(position);

        View view = null;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
        }   

        // 显示图片
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.pic_item);
        imageView.setImageResource(pic.getPicId());

        return view;
    }

优化2：
每次调用getView()方法时，都会调用View的findViewById()方法来获取一次控件的实例。可以借助ViewHolder来对这部分进行优化。主要的目的是讲控件的实例都缓存到ViewHolder里。

// getView优化
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        YYPic pic = getItem(position);
        View view = null;
        ViewHolder viewHolder=null;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.picImageView = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.pic_item);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);// 将viewHolder存储在view中
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder)view.getTag();// 重新获取viewHolder
        }
        viewHolder.picImageView.setImageResource(pic.getPicId());

        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView picImageView;
    }

对列表响应点击事件，只需要使用setOnItemClickListener()方法为ListView注册一个监听器即可。

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Toast.makeText(CustomListViewActivity.this, "item:"+i, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });