Python学习手册（第14章）迭代器和解析，第一部分

 读取文本文件的最佳方式（如下）：

>>> for line in open('log.txt'):
...     print(line.upper())
...
SPAM

1 2 3



G O O D !

手动迭代：iter和next

>>> f = open('log.txt')
>>> f.__next__()
'spam\n'
>>> f.__next__()
'1 2 3\n'
>>> f.__next__()
'\n'
>>> f.__next__()
'g o o d !\n'
>>> f.__next__()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration
>>>
>>> f = open('log.txt')
>>> next(f)
'spam\n'
>>> next(f)
'1 2 3\n'
>>> next(f)
'\n'
>>> next(f)
'g o o d !\n'
>>> next(f)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

 文件对象就是自己的迭代器，列表以及很多其他的内置对象，不是自身的迭代器，因为他们支持多次打开迭代器。对这样的对象我们必须调用iter来启动迭代。

>>> f = open('log.txt')
>>> iter(f) is f
True
>>> f.__next__()
'spam\n'
>>>
>>> L = [1,2,3]
>>> iter(L) is L
False
>>> L.__next__()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute '__next__'
>>> I = iter(L)
>>> I.__next__()
1
>>> next(I)
2
>>>
>>> for X in L:
...     print(X**2,end= ' ')
...
1 4 9 >>>
>>> I = iter(L)
>>> while True:
...     try:
...         X = next(I)
...     except StopIteration:
...         break
...     print(X**2,end=' ')
...
1 4 9 >>>